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Also known as
Cancer-related sexual health, oncological sexology, cancer sexuality care, sexual oncology, cancer sexual rehabilitation
Definition
Oncosexology is a multidisciplinary subspecialty of medical sexology that focuses on addressing the impact of cancer and its treatments on sexual function and quality of life in patients1. Established by Dr. Woet Gianotten in 1998 at the Utrecht and Netherlands Medical Centers2, oncosexology involves collaboration among oncologists, sexologists, psychologists, and physiotherapists to provide comprehensive care for sexual health concerns in cancer patients3. This field recognizes that approximately 80% of oncological patients report deterioration of their sexual life quality4, with 44% experiencing relationship problems with partners5. Oncosexology addresses the wide range of sexual issues that can arise from various cancer treatments, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapies, aiming to improve overall quality of life through sexual rehabilitation, education, and counseling6.
Clinical Context
Oncosexology is clinically relevant across various cancer types, with particular importance in pelvic malignancies (prostate, bladder, colorectal, gynecological) due to their direct impact on sexual organs and function7. The field addresses specific sexual dysfunctions that vary by gender:
In men, common issues include erectile dysfunction, testosterone deficiency, ejaculatory dysfunction, orgasmic dysfunction, sexual incontinence, and penile shortening8. For example, radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer often results in erectile dysfunction due to nerve damage, while androgen deprivation therapy can lead to alterations in libido and erectile function9.
In women, cancer treatments can cause vaginal dryness, dyspareunia (painful intercourse), decreased libido, and body image issues10. Mastectomy may result in loss of nipple sensation and altered body perception, while pelvic radiation can cause vaginal stenosis and dryness11.
The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommends that healthcare providers initiate discussions about sexual health with cancer patients12. Treatment approaches include psychosocial counseling, medical interventions (such as PDE5 inhibitors for men and vaginal moisturizers for women), and sexual rehabilitation programs13. Including sexuality in diagnosis and treatment planning can reduce morbidity and help mitigate the negative effects of cancer on sexual function14.