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Also known as
Absorbent pad, incontinence pad, adult diaper, incontinence brief, incontinence product, protective underpad, urinary pad, bladder control pad, incontinence aid, absorbent undergarment
Definition
An absorbent undergarment/incontinence pad is a disposable or reusable product designed to absorb and contain urinary leakage for incontinence management1. These products feature a multi-layered structure consisting of a permeable topsheet that makes direct contact with the skin, an acquisition distribution layer that quickly wicks moisture away, an absorbent core containing superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) and fluff pulp, and an impermeable backsheet that prevents leakage2. The superabsorbent polymers can absorb up to 300 times their weight in aqueous fluids and form a gel that locks in liquid3. This design helps maintain skin dryness, prevent leakage, and reduce the risk of skin irritation and infection while providing comfort and dignity to individuals with urinary incontinence4.
Clinical Context
Absorbent undergarments/incontinence pads are clinically indicated for individuals with urinary incontinence, which affects up to 47% of adults over 65 years1. These products are particularly important for patients with stress urinary incontinence (occurring with physical activity, coughing, or sneezing), urgency urinary incontinence (associated with a sudden compelling desire to void), or mixed urinary incontinence (combination of both types)2.
Patient selection criteria include individuals with light to heavy urinary incontinence who require containment of urine leakage to maintain hygiene, comfort, and quality of life3. The selection of specific product types depends on the severity of incontinence, patient mobility, and personal preference4.
Clinical considerations include monitoring for incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD), which can develop due to exposure to moisture and chemical irritating substances in urine5. Research has shown an association between full-time use of absorbent incontinence pads and urinary tract infections, particularly in older hospitalized patients1. Therefore, proper selection, fitting, and regular changing of absorbent products are essential to minimize these risks.
Expected outcomes include improved quality of life, maintained skin integrity, reduced risk of complications, and enhanced social participation and independence for individuals with urinary incontinence6.