{"id":32204,"date":"2026-09-12T18:42:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-12T22:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/?post_type=glossary-term&p=32204"},"modified":"2026-10-06T16:21:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T20:21:24","slug":"prolapso-de-orgaos-pelvicos","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/pt-br\/glossary-term\/prolapso-de-orgaos-pelvicos\/","title":{"rendered":"Prolapso de \u00d3rg\u00e3os P\u00e9lvicos"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[124],"glossary-product":[],"class_list":["post-32204","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-urinary-incontinence-related-conditions"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"

O prolapso de \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos (POP) \u00e9 uma condi\u00e7\u00e3o ginecol\u00f3gica caracterizada pela descida de estruturas p\u00e9lvicas para o interior da vagina devido \u00e0 fraqueza ligamentar ou muscular.1<\/sup> \u00c9 subcategorizado de acordo com o compartimento de descenso: a cistocele caracteriza a hernia\u00e7\u00e3o da parede anterior, a retocele refere-se ao descenso da parede vaginal posterior e o prolapso de c\u00fapula vaginal caracteriza a descida do \u00fatero, colo uterino ou \u00e1pice da vagina.2<\/sup><\/p>\n

A condi\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre quando a sustenta\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00e9lvica normal \u00e9 comprometida pelo enfraquecimento da intera\u00e7\u00e3o entre o grupo muscular do levantador do \u00e2nus e as fixa\u00e7\u00f5es de tecido conjuntivo que estabilizam a vagina em v\u00e1rios n\u00edveis.3<\/sup> Com a sustenta\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00e9lvica normal, a vagina repousa horizontalmente sobre os m\u00fasculos levantadores do \u00e2nus. Les\u00f5es fazem com que os m\u00fasculos levantadores do \u00e2nus assumam uma orienta\u00e7\u00e3o mais vertical, abrindo a vagina e, assim, transferindo o suporte para as fixa\u00e7\u00f5es de tecido conjuntivo.4<\/sup><\/p>\n

O prolapso de \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos possui etiologia multifatorial.5<\/sup> Combina\u00e7\u00f5es de fatores anat\u00f4micos, fisiol\u00f3gicos, gen\u00e9ticos, de estilo de vida e reprodutivos contribuem para a disfun\u00e7\u00e3o do assoalho p\u00e9lvico ao longo da vida da mulher. Muitos estudos correlacionaram a paridade com uma alta incid\u00eancia de POP.6<\/sup> Al\u00e9m disso, cirurgias p\u00e9lvicas pr\u00e9vias ou condi\u00e7\u00f5es associadas a epis\u00f3dios sustentados de aumento da press\u00e3o intra-abdominal, como levantamento de peso, obesidade, tosse cr\u00f4nica e constipa\u00e7\u00e3o, podem aumentar o risco de desenvolvimento de POP.7<\/sup><\/p>\n","gt-synonyms":"POP, Prolapso genital, Prolapso do assoalho p\u00e9lvico, Prolapso vaginal, Relaxamento p\u00e9lvico, Descenso, Procid\u00eancia, Queda dos \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos, Hernia\u00e7\u00e3o dos \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos","gt-citation":"[1] Vergeldt TF, Weemhoff M, IntHout J, Kluivers KB. Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse and its recurrence: a systematic review. Int Urogynecol J. 2015 Nov;26(11):1559-73. DOI: 10.1007\/s00192-015-2695-8\n\n[2] Iglesia CB, Smithling KR. Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Aug 01;96(3):179-185. PMID: 28762694\n\n[3] DeLancey JO. What's new in the functional anatomy of pelvic organ prolapse? Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Oct;28(5):420-9. DOI: 10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000312\n\n[4] Rubod C, Lecomte-Grosbras P, Brieu M, Giraudet G, Betrouni N, Cosson M. 3D simulation of pelvic system numerical simulation for a better understanding of the contribution of the uterine ligaments. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24(12):2093-8. DOI: 10.1007\/s00192-013-2135-6. PMID: 23958831\n\n[5] Dietz HP, Simpson JM. Levator trauma is associated with pelvic organ prolapse. BJOG. 2008 Jul;115(8):979-84. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01751.x\n\n[6] Schaffer JI, Wai CY, Boreham MK. Etiology of pelvic organ prolapse. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Sep;48(3):639-47. DOI: 10.1097\/01.grf.0000170428.45819.4e. PMID: 16012231\n\n[7] Yan W, Li X, Sun S, Xiang Y, Zhou Y, Zeng X, Xie F, Jiang H, Liu Q, Xiang J. [Risk factors for female pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence]. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2018 Dec 28;43(12):1345-1350. DOI: 10.11817\/j.issn.1672-7347.2018.12.010. PMID: 30643051\n\n[8] Chow D, Rodr\u00edguez LV. Epidemiology and prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse. Curr Opin Urol. 2013 Jul;23(4):293-8. DOI: 10.1097\/MOU.0b013e3283619ed0\n\n[9] Thompson CD, Henderson BE, Stanley R. Bladder calculi causing irreducible urogenital prolapse. BMJ Case Rep. 2018 Sep 12;2018:bcr-2018-225695. DOI: 10.1136\/bcr-2018-225695. PMID: 30209144\n\n[10] Wu JM, Matthews CA, Conover MM, Pate V, Jonsson Funk M. Lifetime risk of stress urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Jun;123(6):1201-6. DOI: 10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000286\n\n[11] Nygaard I, Barber MD, Burgio KL, Kenton K, Meikle S, Schaffer J, Spino C, Whitehead WE, Wu J, Brody DJ; Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. Prevalence of symptomatic pelvic floor disorders in US women. JAMA. 2008 Sep 17;300(11):1311-6. DOI: 10.1001\/jama.300.11.1311\n\n[12] Wu JM, Hundley AF, Fulton RG, Myers ER. Forecasting the prevalence of pelvic floor disorders in U.S. Women: 2010 to 2050. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Dec;114(6):1278-83. DOI: 10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181c2ce96\n\n[13] Barber MD. Pelvic organ prolapse. BMJ. 2016 Jul 20;354:i3853. DOI: 10.1136\/bmj.i3853\n\n[14] Lawrence JM, Lukacz ES, Nager CW, Hsu JW, Luber KM. Prevalence and co-occurrence of pelvic floor disorders in community-dwelling women. Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Mar;111(3):678-85. DOI: 10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181660c1b\n\n[15] Oliveira IKB, da Silva Calisto SL, Ferreira CWS, de Aguiar Cavalcanti G. Occult Urinary Incontinence, Diabetes, Obesity, Prolapse Severity, and Type of Surgical Repair as Risk Factors for De Novo Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women Undergoing Surgical Repair of Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neurourol Urodyn. 2025;44(1):194-206. doi:10.1002\/nau.25619. PMID: 39539032.\n\n[16] Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Haya N, Brown J. Surgery for women with anterior compartment prolapse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Nov 30;11(11):CD004014. DOI: 10.1002\/14651858.CD004014.pub6\n\n[17] Hagen S, Stark D, Glazener C, Dickson S, Barry S, Elders A, Frawley H, Galea MP, Logan J, McDonald A, McPherson G, Moore KH, Norrie J, Walker A, Wilson D; POPPY Trial Collaborators. Individualised pelvic floor muscle training in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POPPY): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2014 Mar 1;383(9919):796-806. DOI: 10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61977-7\n\n[18] Cundiff GW, Weidner AC, Visco AG, Bump RC, Addison WA. A survey of pessary use by members of the American urogynecologic society. Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Jun;95(6 Pt 1):931-5. DOI: 10.1016\/s0029-7844(00)00788-2\n\n[19] Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Haya N, Brown J. Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Oct 1;10(10):CD012376. DOI: 10.1002\/14651858.CD012376","gt-clinical-context":"

O prolapso de \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos (POP) \u00e9 uma condi\u00e7\u00e3o comum que impacta significativamente a qualidade de vida das mulheres. A incid\u00eancia est\u00e1 altamente associada ao aumento da idade.8<\/sup> Muitas mulheres com POP sintom\u00e1tico sofrem com sofrimento f\u00edsico e emocional, levando a um impacto negativo no bem-estar social, f\u00edsico e psicol\u00f3gico.9<\/sup> Embora a preval\u00eancia exata seja desconhecida, uma an\u00e1lise dos c\u00f3digos de procedimentos hospitalares revela que aproximadamente 200.000 cirurgias para o tratamento de POP s\u00e3o realizadas anualmente nos Estados Unidos.10<\/sup> Embora cerca de 41% a 50% das mulheres apresentem POP ao exame f\u00edsico, apenas cerca de 3% s\u00e3o sintom\u00e1ticas.11<\/sup> Nos Estados Unidos, projeta-se que o n\u00famero de mulheres com prolapso de \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos sintom\u00e1tico aumente em 46%, de 3,3 milh\u00f5es para 4,9 milh\u00f5es at\u00e9 2050.12<\/sup><\/p>\n

A maioria das pacientes que apresentam prolapso de \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos n\u00e3o relata sintomas. Pacientes com sintomas, no entanto, frequentemente descrevem a sensa\u00e7\u00e3o ou percep\u00e7\u00e3o de uma protuber\u00e2ncia saindo pelo intr\u00f3ito vaginal.13<\/sup> O exame f\u00edsico \u00e9 essencial para diagnosticar e subcategorizar o tipo de prolapso. Os achados do exame variam dependendo do enchimento da bexiga e do reto. Mulheres que apresentam procid\u00eancia (prolapso de todos os 3 compartimentos) podem queixar-se de corrimento vaginal secund\u00e1rio ao atrito vaginal ou \u00e0 eros\u00e3o epitelial.<\/p>\n

Pacientes com POP apresentam uma alta taxa de dist\u00farbios concomitantes do assoalho p\u00e9lvico: 40% apresentam incontin\u00eancia urin\u00e1ria, 37% apresentam bexiga hiperativa e 50% apresentam incontin\u00eancia anal.14<\/sup> As pacientes devem ser rotineiramente avaliadas para outras patologias. Em alguns casos, o prolapso pode mascarar uma incontin\u00eancia urin\u00e1ria de esfor\u00e7o oculta, que pode se manifestar ap\u00f3s a corre\u00e7\u00e3o do prolapso.15<\/sup> Devido ao acotovelamento uretral ou \u00e0 press\u00e3o uretral, pode ocorrer obstru\u00e7\u00e3o do trato de sa\u00edda da bexiga. O prolapso de \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos pode afetar negativamente a atividade sexual, a imagem corporal e a qualidade de vida.<\/p>\n

Tanto o manejo conservador quanto o cir\u00fargico podem ser apropriados, dependendo da idade da paciente, do desejo de fertilidade futura e de fun\u00e7\u00e3o coital, da gravidade dos sintomas e de problemas m\u00e9dicos concomitantes. O compartimento de descenso tamb\u00e9m orienta o tratamento. Os objetivos do tratamento incluem al\u00edvio sintom\u00e1tico, manuten\u00e7\u00e3o ou melhora da fun\u00e7\u00e3o sexual, preven\u00e7\u00e3o de novos defeitos de sustenta\u00e7\u00e3o e incontin\u00eancia, e restaura\u00e7\u00e3o do suporte p\u00e9lvico adequado.16<\/sup><\/p>\n

As op\u00e7\u00f5es de tratamento incluem:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Observa\u00e7\u00e3o e acompanhamento regular<\/strong> – Apropriado em mulheres com casos leves e assintom\u00e1ticos.<\/li>\n
  2. Treinamento muscular do assoalho p\u00e9lvico (exerc\u00edcios de Kegel)<\/strong> – Permite a contra\u00e7\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica dos m\u00fasculos levantadores do \u00e2nus, fortalecendo o assoalho p\u00e9lvico. Esses exerc\u00edcios demonstraram melhorar os sintomas de incontin\u00eancia de esfor\u00e7o, de urg\u00eancia e mista, podendo ser \u00fateis em mulheres com POP leve.17<\/sup><\/li>\n
  3. Uso de pess\u00e1rios<\/strong> – Os pess\u00e1rios s\u00e3o uma op\u00e7\u00e3o comum de primeira linha; em uma pesquisa com membros da American Urogynecologic Society, 77% utilizavam pess\u00e1rios como terapia de primeira linha para o prolapso.18<\/sup> Os pess\u00e1rios s\u00e3o dispositivos, frequentemente feitos de silicone de grau m\u00e9dico, posicionados na vagina para restaurar a anatomia p\u00e9lvica normal. S\u00e3o uma op\u00e7\u00e3o para todos os est\u00e1gios de prolapso, \u00fateis para evitar a progress\u00e3o e adiar a cirurgia.<\/li>\n
  4. Interven\u00e7\u00e3o cir\u00fargica<\/strong> – V\u00e1rios procedimentos, tanto por via abdominal quanto vaginal, s\u00e3o realizados para restaurar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o do assoalho p\u00e9lvico e aliviar os sintomas. As op\u00e7\u00f5es incluem:\n
      \n
    • Colpocleise (procedimento obliterativo)<\/li>\n
    • Fixa\u00e7\u00e3o sacroespinhosa<\/li>\n
    • Suspens\u00e3o ao iliococc\u00edgeo<\/li>\n
    • Suspens\u00e3o aos ligamentos uterossacros<\/li>\n
    • Sacrocolpopexia abdominal (laparotomia, laparoscopia ou assistida por rob\u00f4)19<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":false,"gt-ai-referenced":true,"gt-view-count":18},"yoast_head":"\nProlapso de \u00d3rg\u00e3os P\u00e9lvicos: Tipos, Causas e Tratamento<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O prolapso de \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos ocorre quando estruturas p\u00e9lvicas descem pela vagina devido \u00e0 fraqueza muscular, afetando a qualidade de vida.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/pt-br\/glossary-term\/prolapso-de-orgaos-pelvicos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Prolapso de \u00d3rg\u00e3os P\u00e9lvicos: Tipos, Causas e Tratamento\" \/>\n<meta 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