{"id":32204,"date":"2026-09-12T18:42:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-12T22:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/?post_type=glossary-term&p=32204"},"modified":"2026-09-13T06:12:00","modified_gmt":"2026-09-13T10:12:00","slug":"prolapso-de-orgaos-pelvicos","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/pt-br\/glossary-term\/prolapso-de-orgaos-pelvicos\/","title":{"rendered":"Prolapso de \u00d3rg\u00e3os P\u00e9lvicos"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[124],"glossary-product":[],"class_list":["post-32204","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-urinary-incontinence-related-conditions"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"

O prolapso de \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos (POP) \u00e9 uma condi\u00e7\u00e3o ginecol\u00f3gica caracterizada pela descida de estruturas p\u00e9lvicas para o interior da vagina devido \u00e0 fraqueza ligamentar ou muscular.1<\/sup> \u00c9 subcategorizado de acordo com o compartimento de descenso: a cistocele caracteriza a hernia\u00e7\u00e3o da parede anterior, a retocele refere-se ao descenso da parede vaginal posterior e o prolapso de c\u00fapula vaginal caracteriza a descida do \u00fatero, colo uterino ou \u00e1pice da vagina.2<\/sup><\/p>\n

A condi\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre quando a sustenta\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00e9lvica normal \u00e9 comprometida pelo enfraquecimento da intera\u00e7\u00e3o entre o grupo muscular do levantador do \u00e2nus e as fixa\u00e7\u00f5es de tecido conjuntivo que estabilizam a vagina em v\u00e1rios n\u00edveis.3<\/sup> Com a sustenta\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00e9lvica normal, a vagina repousa horizontalmente sobre os m\u00fasculos levantadores do \u00e2nus. Les\u00f5es fazem com que os m\u00fasculos levantadores do \u00e2nus assumam uma orienta\u00e7\u00e3o mais vertical, abrindo a vagina e, assim, transferindo o suporte para as fixa\u00e7\u00f5es de tecido conjuntivo.4<\/sup><\/p>\n

O prolapso de \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos possui etiologia multifatorial.5<\/sup> Combina\u00e7\u00f5es de fatores anat\u00f4micos, fisiol\u00f3gicos, gen\u00e9ticos, de estilo de vida e reprodutivos contribuem para a disfun\u00e7\u00e3o do assoalho p\u00e9lvico ao longo da vida da mulher. Muitos estudos correlacionaram a paridade com uma alta incid\u00eancia de POP.6<\/sup> Al\u00e9m disso, cirurgias p\u00e9lvicas pr\u00e9vias ou condi\u00e7\u00f5es associadas a epis\u00f3dios sustentados de aumento da press\u00e3o intra-abdominal, como levantamento de peso, obesidade, tosse cr\u00f4nica e constipa\u00e7\u00e3o, podem aumentar o risco de desenvolvimento de POP.7<\/sup><\/p>\n","gt-synonyms":"POP, Prolapso genital, Prolapso do assoalho p\u00e9lvico, Prolapso vaginal, Relaxamento p\u00e9lvico, Descenso, Procid\u00eancia, Queda dos \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos, Hernia\u00e7\u00e3o dos \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos","gt-citation":"[1] Vergeldt TF, Weemhoff M, IntHout J, Kluivers KB. Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse and its recurrence: a systematic review. Int Urogynecol J. 2015 Nov;26(11):1559-73. DOI: 10.1007\/s00192-015-2695-8\n\n[2] Iglesia CB, Smithling KR. Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Aug 01;96(3):179-185. PMID: 28762694\n\n[3] DeLancey JO. What's new in the functional anatomy of pelvic organ prolapse? Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Oct;28(5):420-9. DOI: 10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000312\n\n[4] Rubod C, Lecomte-Grosbras P, Brieu M, Giraudet G, Betrouni N, Cosson M. 3D simulation of pelvic system numerical simulation for a better understanding of the contribution of the uterine ligaments. Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Aug 20. DOI: 10.1007\/s00192-013-2197-5\n\n[5] Dietz HP, Simpson JM. Levator trauma is associated with pelvic organ prolapse. BJOG. 2008 Jul;115(8):979-84. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01751.x\n\n[6] Schaffer JI, Wai CY, Boreham MK. Etiology of pelvic organ prolapse. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Sep;48(3):639-47. DOI: 10.1097\/01.grf.0000170423.79913.68\n\n[7] Yan W, Li X, Sun S, Xiang Y, Zhou Y, Zeng X, Xie F, Jiang H, Liu Q, Xiang J. [Risk factors for female pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence]. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2018 Dec 28;43(12):1345-1350. DOI: 10.11817\/j.issn.1672-7347.2018.12.008\n\n[8] Chow D, Rodr\u00edguez LV. Epidemiology and prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse. Curr Opin Urol. 2013 Jul;23(4):293-8. DOI: 10.1097\/MOU.0b013e3283619ed0\n\n[9] Thompson CD, Henderson BE, Stanley R. Bladder calculi causing irreducible urogenital prolapse. BMJ Case Rep. 2018 Sep 12;2018. DOI: 10.1136\/bcr-2018-226113\n\n[10] Wu JM, Matthews CA, Conover MM, Pate V, Jonsson Funk M. Lifetime risk of stress urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Jun;123(6):1201-6. DOI: 10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000286\n\n[11] Nygaard I, Barber MD, Burgio KL, Kenton K, Meikle S, Schaffer J, Spino C, Whitehead WE, Wu J, Brody DJ; Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. Prevalence of symptomatic pelvic floor disorders in US women. JAMA. 2008 Sep 17;300(11):1311-6. DOI: 10.1001\/jama.300.11.1311\n\n[12] Wu JM, Hundley AF, Fulton RG, Myers ER. Forecasting the prevalence of pelvic floor disorders in U.S. Women: 2010 to 2050. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Dec;114(6):1278-83. DOI: 10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181c2ce96\n\n[13] Barber MD. Pelvic organ prolapse. BMJ. 2016 Jul 20;354:i3853. DOI: 10.1136\/bmj.i3853\n\n[14] Lawrence JM, Lukacz ES, Nager CW, Hsu JW, Luber KM. Prevalence and co-occurrence of pelvic floor disorders in community-dwelling women. Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Mar;111(3):678-85. DOI: 10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181660c1b\n\n[15] Grady MM, Kavanagh K, Trakas K, Alam S, Dooley Y. Postoperative de novo overactive bladder symptoms and urinary incontinence after pelvic organ prolapse repair. Int Urogynecol J. 2020 Jan;31(1):191-197. DOI: 10.1007\/s00192-019-04024-6\n\n[16] Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Haya N, Brown J. Surgery for women with anterior compartment prolapse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Nov 30;11(11):CD004014. DOI: 10.1002\/14651858.CD004014.pub6\n\n[17] Hagen S, Stark D, Glazener C, Dickson S, Barry S, Elders A, Frawley H, Galea MP, Logan J, McDonald A, McPherson G, Moore KH, Norrie J, Walker A, Wilson D; POPPY Trial Collaborators. Individualised pelvic floor muscle training in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POPPY): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2014 Mar 1;383(9919):796-806. DOI: 10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61977-7\n\n[18] Cundiff GW, Weidner AC, Visco AG, Bump RC, Addison WA. A survey of pessary use by members of the American urogynecologic society. Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Jun;95(6 Pt 1):931-5. DOI: 10.1016\/s0029-7844(00)00788-2\n\n[19] Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Haya N, Brown J. Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Oct 1;10(10):CD012376. DOI: 10.1002\/14651858.CD012376","gt-clinical-context":"

O prolapso de \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos (POP) \u00e9 uma condi\u00e7\u00e3o comum que impacta significativamente a qualidade de vida das mulheres. A incid\u00eancia est\u00e1 altamente associada ao aumento da idade.8<\/sup> Muitas mulheres com POP sintom\u00e1tico sofrem com sofrimento f\u00edsico e emocional, levando a um impacto negativo no bem-estar social, f\u00edsico e psicol\u00f3gico.9<\/sup> Embora a preval\u00eancia exata seja desconhecida, uma an\u00e1lise dos c\u00f3digos de procedimentos hospitalares revela que aproximadamente 200.000 cirurgias para o tratamento de POP s\u00e3o realizadas anualmente nos Estados Unidos.10<\/sup> Embora cerca de 41% a 50% das mulheres apresentem POP ao exame f\u00edsico, apenas cerca de 3% s\u00e3o sintom\u00e1ticas.11<\/sup> Projeta-se que a incid\u00eancia de prolapso de \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos aumente em 46%, atingindo 4,9 milh\u00f5es at\u00e9 2050.12<\/sup><\/p>\n

A maioria das pacientes que apresentam prolapso de \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos n\u00e3o relata sintomas. Pacientes com sintomas, no entanto, frequentemente descrevem a sensa\u00e7\u00e3o ou percep\u00e7\u00e3o de uma protuber\u00e2ncia saindo pelo intr\u00f3ito vaginal.13<\/sup> O exame f\u00edsico \u00e9 essencial para diagnosticar e subcategorizar o tipo de prolapso. Os achados do exame variam dependendo do enchimento da bexiga e do reto. Mulheres que apresentam procid\u00eancia (prolapso de todos os 3 compartimentos) podem queixar-se de corrimento vaginal secund\u00e1rio ao atrito vaginal ou \u00e0 eros\u00e3o epitelial.<\/p>\n

Pacientes com POP apresentam uma alta taxa de dist\u00farbios concomitantes do assoalho p\u00e9lvico: 40% apresentam incontin\u00eancia urin\u00e1ria, 37% apresentam bexiga hiperativa e 50% apresentam incontin\u00eancia fecal.14<\/sup> As pacientes devem ser rotineiramente avaliadas para outras patologias. Em muitos casos, o prolapso pode mascarar uma incontin\u00eancia urin\u00e1ria de esfor\u00e7o oculta.15<\/sup> Devido ao acotovelamento uretral ou \u00e0 press\u00e3o uretral, pode ocorrer obstru\u00e7\u00e3o do trato de sa\u00edda da bexiga. O prolapso de \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos pode afetar negativamente a atividade sexual, a imagem corporal e a qualidade de vida.<\/p>\n

Tanto o manejo conservador quanto o cir\u00fargico podem ser apropriados, dependendo da idade da paciente, do desejo de fertilidade futura e de fun\u00e7\u00e3o coital, da gravidade dos sintomas e de problemas m\u00e9dicos concomitantes. O compartimento de descenso tamb\u00e9m orienta o tratamento. Os objetivos do tratamento incluem al\u00edvio sintom\u00e1tico, manuten\u00e7\u00e3o ou melhora da fun\u00e7\u00e3o sexual, preven\u00e7\u00e3o de novos defeitos de sustenta\u00e7\u00e3o e incontin\u00eancia, e restaura\u00e7\u00e3o do suporte p\u00e9lvico adequado.16<\/sup><\/p>\n

As op\u00e7\u00f5es de tratamento incluem:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Observa\u00e7\u00e3o e acompanhamento regular<\/strong> – Apropriado em mulheres com casos leves e assintom\u00e1ticos.<\/li>\n
  2. Treinamento muscular do assoalho p\u00e9lvico (exerc\u00edcios de Kegel)<\/strong> – Permite a contra\u00e7\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica dos m\u00fasculos levantadores do \u00e2nus, fortalecendo o assoalho p\u00e9lvico. Esses exerc\u00edcios demonstraram melhorar os sintomas de incontin\u00eancia de esfor\u00e7o, de urg\u00eancia e mista, podendo ser \u00fateis em mulheres com POP leve.17<\/sup><\/li>\n
  3. Uso de pess\u00e1rios<\/strong> – Dois ter\u00e7os das pacientes com POP sintom\u00e1tico optam pelo manejo com pess\u00e1rio, e at\u00e9 77% continuam o uso ap\u00f3s 1 ano.18<\/sup> Os pess\u00e1rios s\u00e3o dispositivos, frequentemente feitos de silicone de grau m\u00e9dico, posicionados na vagina para restaurar a anatomia p\u00e9lvica normal. S\u00e3o uma op\u00e7\u00e3o para todos os est\u00e1gios de prolapso, \u00fateis para evitar a progress\u00e3o e adiar a cirurgia.<\/li>\n
  4. Interven\u00e7\u00e3o cir\u00fargica<\/strong> – V\u00e1rios procedimentos, tanto por via abdominal quanto vaginal, s\u00e3o realizados para restaurar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o do assoalho p\u00e9lvico e aliviar os sintomas. As op\u00e7\u00f5es incluem:\n
      \n
    • Colpocleise (procedimento obliterativo)<\/li>\n
    • Fixa\u00e7\u00e3o sacroespinhosa<\/li>\n
    • Suspens\u00e3o ao iliococc\u00edgeo<\/li>\n
    • Suspens\u00e3o aos ligamentos uterossacros<\/li>\n
    • Sacrocolpopexia abdominal (laparotomia, laparoscopia ou assistida por rob\u00f4)19<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":false,"gt-ai-referenced":true,"gt-view-count":0},"yoast_head":"\nProlapso de \u00d3rg\u00e3os P\u00e9lvicos: Tipos, Causas e Tratamento<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O prolapso de \u00f3rg\u00e3os p\u00e9lvicos ocorre quando estruturas p\u00e9lvicas descem pela vagina devido \u00e0 fraqueza muscular, afetando a qualidade de vida.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/pt-br\/glossary-term\/prolapso-de-orgaos-pelvicos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Prolapso de \u00d3rg\u00e3os P\u00e9lvicos: Tipos, Causas e Tratamento\" \/>\n<meta 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