{"id":12786,"date":"2025-07-25T10:01:12","date_gmt":"2025-07-25T14:01:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/glossary-term\/immunotherapy\/"},"modified":"2025-07-25T10:01:12","modified_gmt":"2025-07-25T14:01:12","slug":"imunoterapia","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/pt-br\/glossary-term\/imunoterapia\/","title":{"rendered":"Imunoterapia"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[114],"glossary-product":[],"class_list":["post-12786","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-urological-agents"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"<p>A imunoterapia \u00e9 um tipo de tratamento que aproveita o sistema imunol\u00f3gico do corpo para combater doen\u00e7as, especialmente o c\u00e2ncer.<span class=\"citation\">1<\/span> Ela funciona estimulando, melhorando ou suprimindo a capacidade natural do sistema imunol\u00f3gico de reconhecer e destruir c\u00e9lulas anormais.<span class=\"citation\">2<\/span> Ao contr\u00e1rio dos tratamentos convencionais contra o c\u00e2ncer que t\u00eam como alvo direto as c\u00e9lulas cancer\u00edgenas, a imunoterapia se concentra em capacitar o sistema imunol\u00f3gico para melhor identificar e atacar o c\u00e2ncer. c\u00e9lulas.<span class=\"citation\">3<\/span><\/p>\n \n <p>O sistema imunol\u00f3gico detecta e destr\u00f3i naturalmente c\u00e9lulas anormais e muito provavelmente previne ou inibe o crescimento de muitos tipos de c\u00e2ncer.<span class=\"citation\">1<\/span> No entanto, as c\u00e9lulas cancer\u00edgenas podem desenvolver mecanismos para escapar da detec\u00e7\u00e3o imunol\u00f3gica por meio de altera\u00e7\u00f5es gen\u00e9ticas que as tornam menos vis\u00edveis ao sistema imunol\u00f3gico, expressando prote\u00ednas em sua superf\u00edcie que desativam as c\u00e9lulas imunol\u00f3gicas ou alterando as c\u00e9lulas normais ao redor do tumor para interferir nas respostas imunol\u00f3gicas.<span class=\"citation\">1<\/span> A imunoterapia ajuda a superar essas t\u00e1ticas de evas\u00e3o melhorando v\u00e1rios componentes da resposta imunol\u00f3gica.<span class=\"citation\">4<\/span><\/p>\n \n <p>V\u00e1rias abordagens de imunoterapia foram desenvolvidas, incluindo inibidores de checkpoint imunol\u00f3gico que bloqueiam prote\u00ednas que impedem as c\u00e9lulas imunol\u00f3gicas de atacar as c\u00e9lulas cancer\u00edgenas, terapia de transfer\u00eancia de c\u00e9lulas T que aumenta a capacidade natural das c\u00e9lulas T de combater o c\u00e2ncer, anticorpos monoclonais projetados para se ligarem a alvos espec\u00edficos nas c\u00e9lulas cancer\u00edgenas, vacinas de tratamento que estimulam a resposta do sistema imunol\u00f3gico \u00e0s c\u00e9lulas cancer\u00edgenas e moduladores do sistema imunol\u00f3gico que melhoram aspectos espec\u00edficos da resposta imunol\u00f3gica.<span class=\"citation\">1,5<\/span><\/p>","gt-synonyms":"Terapia biol\u00f3gica, bioterapia, terapia modificadora de resposta biol\u00f3gica, terapia BRM, imuno-oncologia, imunoterapia contra c\u00e2ncer, terapia imuno-oncol\u00f3gica, terapia I-O, terapia imunobiol\u00f3gica","gt-citation":"[1] National Cancer Institute. Immunotherapy for Cancer. https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/treatment\/types\/immunotherapy. Updated September 24, 2019. Accessed June 2, 2025. DOI: 10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-16-0261\n\n[2] Waldman AD, Fritz JM, Lenardo MJ. A guide to cancer immunotherapy: from T cell basic science to clinical practice. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2020;20:651-668. DOI: 10.1038\/s41577-020-0306-5\n\n[3] Kciuk M, Yahya EB, Mohamed MMI, et al. Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers. 2023;15(10):2721. DOI: 10.3390\/cancers15102721\n\n[4] Vaillant AAJ, Nesseler T, Zito PM. Immunotherapy. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023. PMID: 30020641\n\n[5] Ribas A, Wolchok JD. Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade. Science. 2018;359(6382):1350-1355. DOI: 10.1126\/science.aar4060\n\n[6] American Cancer Society. Immunotherapy for Cancer. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/treatment\/treatments-and-side-effects\/treatment-types\/immunotherapy.html. Updated December 27, 2022. Accessed June 2, 2025.\n\n[7] Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer. What is Cancer Immunotherapy? https:\/\/www.sitcancer.org\/clinician\/cancer-immunotherapy. Accessed June 2, 2025.","gt-clinical-context":"<p>A imunoterapia \u00e9 usada clinicamente para tratar v\u00e1rios tipos de c\u00e2ncer, incluindo, entre outros, melanoma, c\u00e2ncer de pulm\u00e3o, c\u00e2ncer de bexiga, c\u00e2ncer de rim, linfoma e certos tipos de c\u00e2ncer de mama e colorretal.<span class=\"citation\">1<\/span> A sele\u00e7\u00e3o de pacientes para imunoterapia depende de v\u00e1rios fatores, incluindo o tipo e est\u00e1gio do c\u00e2ncer, tratamentos anteriores, estado geral de sa\u00fade e biomarcadores espec\u00edficos, como express\u00e3o de PD-L1 ou microssat\u00e9lites. instabilidade.<span class=\"citation\">2,5<\/span><\/p>\n \n <p>Embora a imunoterapia tenha demonstrado um sucesso not\u00e1vel em alguns pacientes, produzindo respostas duradouras e at\u00e9 mesmo remiss\u00f5es completas, as taxas de resposta variam significativamente entre tipos de c\u00e2ncer e pacientes individuais.<span class=\"citation\">2<\/span> Alguns pacientes experimentam respostas dram\u00e1ticas e duradouras, enquanto outros podem nem responder. Essa variabilidade levou a pesquisas cont\u00ednuas para identificar biomarcadores preditivos confi\u00e1veis para resposta \u00e0 imunoterapia.<span class=\"citation\">3<\/span><\/p>\n \n <p>A implementa\u00e7\u00e3o cl\u00ednica da imunoterapia normalmente envolve a administra\u00e7\u00e3o por infus\u00e3o intravenosa de inibidores de checkpoint e a maioria dos anticorpos monoclonais, enquanto algumas formas podem ser administradas como inje\u00e7\u00f5es subcut\u00e2neas ou medicamentos orais.<span class=\"citation\">1<\/span> Os esquemas de tratamento variam dependendo do agente espec\u00edfico, variando de poucas semanas at\u00e9 administra\u00e7\u00e3o di\u00e1ria.<span class=\"citation\">4<\/span><\/p>\n \n <p>Os efeitos colaterais da imunoterapia diferem daqueles dos tratamentos convencionais contra o c\u00e2ncer e est\u00e3o principalmente relacionados \u00e0 superestimula\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema imunol\u00f3gico, levando a condi\u00e7\u00f5es autoimunes que afetam v\u00e1rios \u00f3rg\u00e3os, incluindo a pele, o trato gastrointestinal, os pulm\u00f5es, as gl\u00e2ndulas end\u00f3crinas e o f\u00edgado.<span class=\"citation\">1,4<\/span> Esses eventos adversos relacionados ao sistema imunol\u00f3gico exigem reconhecimento e manejo imediatos, geralmente com corticosteroides ou outros agentes imunossupressores.<span class=\"citation\">4<\/span><\/p>\n \n <p>Al\u00e9m do c\u00e2ncer, os princ\u00edpios da imunoterapia tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o aplicados no tratamento de dist\u00farbios autoimunes, alergias e doen\u00e7as infecciosas, embora os mecanismos e objetivos possam diferir significativamente da imunoterapia contra o c\u00e2ncer.<span class=\"citation\">4<\/span><\/p>","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":true,"gt-ai-referenced":false,"gt-view-count":50},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Imunoterapia Urol\u00f3gica: Inibidores de Checkpoint no CCR | Rigicon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Imunoterapia com inibidores de checkpoint (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) revolucionou o tratamento do carcinoma renal. 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