{"id":12774,"date":"2025-07-24T10:38:16","date_gmt":"2025-07-24T14:38:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/glossary-term\/gonadotropin\/"},"modified":"2026-10-06T12:50:55","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T16:50:55","slug":"gonadotrofina","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/pt-br\/glossary-term\/gonadotrofina\/","title":{"rendered":"Gonadotrofina"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[114],"glossary-product":[104,105],"class_list":["post-12774","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-urological-agents","glossary-product-infla10-pulse-ipp-series","glossary-product-rigi10-malleable-penile-prosthesis"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"<p>\n        As gonadotrofinas s\u00e3o horm\u00f4nios pept\u00eddicos que regulam a fun\u00e7\u00e3o ovariana e testicular e s\u00e3o essenciais para o crescimento normal, o desenvolvimento sexual e a reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o.<sup>1<\/sup> Esses horm\u00f4nios glicoproteicos s\u00e3o secretados pelas c\u00e9lulas gonadotr\u00f3ficas da hip\u00f3fise anterior dos vertebrados.<sup>2<\/sup> As gonadotrofinas humanas incluem o horm\u00f4nio fol\u00edculo-estimulante (FSH) e o horm\u00f4nio luteinizante (LH), produzidos na hip\u00f3fise, e a gonadotrofina cori\u00f4nica humana (hCG), produzida pela placenta.<sup>3<\/sup>\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        As tr\u00eas gonadotrofinas s\u00e3o prote\u00ednas heterodim\u00e9ricas compostas por duas cadeias pept\u00eddicas: uma cadeia alfa, semelhante nas tr\u00eas, e uma cadeia beta, que \u00e9 exclusiva e determina as intera\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas com receptores e a fun\u00e7\u00e3o de cada horm\u00f4nio.<sup>4<\/sup> As gonadotrofinas hipofis\u00e1rias (FSH e LH) est\u00e3o sob o controle do horm\u00f4nio liberador de gonadotrofina (GnRH), um decapept\u00eddeo produzido no hipot\u00e1lamo e liberado em resposta aos n\u00edveis circulantes de estrog\u00eanios e progesterona.<sup>5<\/sup>\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        As gonadotrofinas atuam sobre as g\u00f4nadas (test\u00edculos nos homens e ov\u00e1rios nas mulheres), controlando a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de gametas e a s\u00edntese de horm\u00f4nios sexuais.<sup>6<\/sup> Nas mulheres, o FSH estimula o desenvolvimento dos fol\u00edculos ovarianos e o LH desencadeia a ovula\u00e7\u00e3o e estimula o corpo l\u00fateo a produzir progesterona. Nos homens, o FSH promove a espermatog\u00eanese, enquanto o LH estimula a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de testosterona pelos test\u00edculos.<sup>7<\/sup> Esses horm\u00f4nios s\u00e3o centrais no complexo sistema end\u00f3crino que regula o crescimento normal, o desenvolvimento sexual e a fun\u00e7\u00e3o reprodutiva.<sup>8<\/sup>\n    <\/p>","gt-synonyms":"FSH (horm\u00f4nio fol\u00edculo-estimulante), LH (horm\u00f4nio luteinizante), hCG (gonadotrofina cori\u00f4nica humana), gonadotrofinas, Gn, folitropina, lutropina, coriogonadotrofina","gt-citation":"[1] Parhar IS, ed. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: Molecules and Receptors. Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 141. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2002.\n\n[2] Pierce JG, Parsons TF. Glycoprotein hormones: structure and function. Annual Review of Biochemistry. 1981;50:465-95. DOI: 10.1146\/annurev.bi.50.070181.002341\n\n[3] Stockell Hartree A, Renwick AG. Molecular structures of glycoprotein hormones and functions of their carbohydrate components. The Biochemical Journal. 1992;287(3):665-79. DOI: 10.1042\/bj2870665\n\n[4] Godine JE, Chin WW, Habener JF. Alpha Subunit of rat pituitary glycoprotein hormones. Primary structure of the precursor determined from the nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNAs. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1982;257(14):8368-71. DOI: 10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)34340-0\n\n[5] National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2018. Gonadotropins. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK548856\/\n\n[6] Goodwin RG, Moncman CL, Rottman FM, Nilson JH. Characterization and nucleotide sequence of the gene for the common alpha subunit of the bovine pituitary glycoprotein hormones. Nucleic Acids Research. 1983;11(19):6873-82. DOI: 10.1093\/nar\/11.19.6873\n\n[7] Cleveland Clinic. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH): Purpose & Testing [Internet]. Cleveland: Cleveland Clinic; 2022 [cited 2025 Jun 2]. Available from: https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/body\/22525-gonadotropin-releasing-hormone\n\n[8] Golos TG, Durning M, Fisher JM. Molecular cloning of the rhesus glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene. DNA and Cell Biology. 1991;10(5):367-80. DOI: 10.1089\/dna.1991.10.367","gt-clinical-context":"<p>\n        As gonadotrofinas desempenham um papel crucial na medicina reprodutiva e s\u00e3o utilizadas clinicamente em diversos contextos.<sup>1<\/sup> Formula\u00e7\u00f5es altamente purificadas e recombinantes de gonadotrofinas foram desenvolvidas e utilizadas no tratamento do hipogonadismo e da infertilidade.<sup>2<\/sup> Essas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es terap\u00eauticas incluem:\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        Em pacientes do sexo feminino, as gonadotrofinas s\u00e3o utilizadas principalmente para tratar a infertilidade por meio da indu\u00e7\u00e3o da ovula\u00e7\u00e3o e como parte de t\u00e9cnicas de reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o assistida (TRA), como a fertiliza\u00e7\u00e3o in vitro (FIV).<sup>3<\/sup> As prepara\u00e7\u00f5es de FSH estimulam o desenvolvimento folicular, enquanto o hCG \u00e9 utilizado para desencadear a ovula\u00e7\u00e3o, mimetizando o pico natural de LH.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        Em pacientes do sexo masculino, as gonadotrofinas s\u00e3o utilizadas para tratar o hipogonadismo, estimular a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de testosterona e melhorar a espermatog\u00eanese em casos de infertilidade masculina.<sup>5<\/sup> O FSH promove a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de espermatozoides, enquanto o LH ou o hCG estimula a s\u00edntese de testosterona pelas c\u00e9lulas de Leydig nos test\u00edculos.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        A defici\u00eancia de gonadotrofinas decorrente de doen\u00e7a hipofis\u00e1ria resulta em hipogonadismo, que pode levar \u00e0 infertilidade.<sup>6<\/sup> O tratamento inclui a administra\u00e7\u00e3o de gonadotrofinas, que atuam como medicamentos para fertilidade. Essas prepara\u00e7\u00f5es podem ser produzidas por extra\u00e7\u00e3o e purifica\u00e7\u00e3o a partir da urina (menotropinas, tamb\u00e9m chamadas de gonadotrofinas menop\u00e1usicas humanas) ou por tecnologia de DNA recombinante.<sup>7<\/sup>\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        A sele\u00e7\u00e3o de pacientes para a terapia com gonadotrofinas requer avalia\u00e7\u00e3o cuidadosa, pois esses horm\u00f4nios podem causar efeitos colaterais, particularmente em mulheres. O evento adverso mais significativo \u00e9 a s\u00edndrome de hiperestimula\u00e7\u00e3o ovariana (SHO), que pode ocorrer em 1-10% das mulheres tratadas.<sup>8<\/sup> As formas graves de SHO podem ser acompanhadas de eleva\u00e7\u00f5es das enzimas s\u00e9ricas, icter\u00edcia e at\u00e9 ascite. Essa s\u00edndrome normalmente surge de 4 a 14 dias ap\u00f3s a estimula\u00e7\u00e3o ovariana com gonadotrofinas e caracteriza-se por dor abdominal, distens\u00e3o, ascite e aumento dos ov\u00e1rios com cistos.<sup>5<\/sup>\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        A posologia e os esquemas de administra\u00e7\u00e3o das gonadotrofinas variam conforme a indica\u00e7\u00e3o e devem ser manejados apenas por profissionais de sa\u00fade com experi\u00eancia em endocrinologia reprodutiva e tratamento da infertilidade.<sup>4<\/sup>\n    <\/p>","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":true,"gt-ai-referenced":false,"gt-view-count":216},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gonadotrofinas na Urologia: FSH e LH | Rigicon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Entenda as gonadotrofinas (FSH e LH) na urologia: papel na espermatog\u00eanese, diagn\u00f3stico de 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