{"id":12312,"date":"2025-07-08T10:09:33","date_gmt":"2025-07-08T14:09:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/glossary-term\/azoospermia\/"},"modified":"2026-03-22T06:31:17","modified_gmt":"2026-03-22T10:31:17","slug":"azoospermia","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/ko\/glossary-term\/azoospermia\/","title":{"rendered":"\ubb34\uc815\uc790\uc99d"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[131],"glossary-product":[116],"class_list":["post-12312","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-male-infertility-treatments","glossary-product-testi10-testicular-prosthesis"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"\ubb34\uc815\uc790\uc99d\uc740 \uc815\uc561 \uc0d8\ud50c\uc744 \uc6d0\uc2ec\ubd84\ub9ac\ud55c \ud6c4 \ub0a8\uc131\uc758 \uc0ac\uc815\uc561(\uc815\uc561)\uc5d0 \uc815\uc790\uac00 \uc804\ud600 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uc758\ud559\uc801 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c, \ucd5c\uc18c 2\ud68c \uc774\uc0c1 \ud655\uc778\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a4\u00b9 \uc774\ub294 \ub0a8\uc131 \ubd88\uc784\uc758 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc6d0\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \uc77c\ubc18 \ub0a8\uc131 \uc778\uad6c\uc758 \uc57d 1%, \ubd88\uc784 \uc778\uad6c\uc758 10~15%\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub0a8\uc131.\u00b9\u066c\u00b2 \ubb34\uc815\uc790\uc99d\uc740 \uace0\ud658 \uc804, \uace0\ud658, \uace0\ud658 \ud6c4(\ud3d0\uc1c4) \ubcd1\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \ud06c\uac8c \ubd84\ub958\ub418\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uadfc\ubcf8 \uc6d0\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00b9 \uace0\ud658 \uc804 \uc6d0\uc778\uc5d0\ub294 \uc815\uc790 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \ud638\ub974\ubaac \ubd88\uade0\ud615\uc774\ub098 \uc804\uc2e0 \uc9c8\ud658\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc885\uc885 \ube44\ud3d0\uc1c4\uc131 \ubb34\uc815\uc790\uc99d(NOA)\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uace0\ud658 \uc6d0\uc778\uc740 \uc720\uc804\uc801 \uc694\uc778, \ubc1c\ub2ec \ubb38\uc81c, \uac10\uc5fc \ub610\ub294 \uae30\ud0c0 \uace0\ud658 \uc190\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uace0\ud658 \uc790\uccb4 \ub0b4 \uc815\uc790 \uc0dd\uc0b0 \uc7a5\uc560\uc640 \uad00\ub828\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3d0\uc1c4\uc131 \ubb34\uc815\uc790\uc99d(OA)\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \uace0\ud658\ud6c4 \uc6d0\uc778\uc740 \uc815\uc790 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc740 \uc815\uc0c1\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc0dd\uc2dd\uad00(\uc608: \uc815\uad00, \ubd80\uace0\ud658, \uc0ac\uc815\uad00)\uc774 \ub9c9\ud600 \uc815\uc790\uac00 \uc0ac\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u066c\u00b3 \uc9c4\ub2e8\uc5d0\ub294 \ubcd1\ub825, \uc2e0\uccb4 \uac80\uc0ac, \uc815\uc561 \ub4f1 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc778 \ud3c9\uac00\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uad00\ub9ac \ubc0f \uce58\ub8cc \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uc548\ub0b4\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ubb34\uc815\uc790\uc99d\uc758 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc720\ud615\uacfc \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ubd84\uc11d, \ud638\ub974\ubaac \ud504\ub85c\ud30c\uc77c\ub9c1, \uc720\uc804\uc790 \uac80\uc0ac \ubc0f \uc7a0\uc7ac\uc801\uc778 \uc601\uc0c1 \uc5f0\uad6c \ub610\ub294 \uace0\ud658 \uc0dd\uac80.\u00b9\u066c\u00a4\u2074 <p>\ubb34\uc815\uc790\uc99d\uc740 \uc815\uc561 \ubd84\uc11d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uc790\uac00 \uc804\ud600 \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c, \ub0a8\uc131\uc758 \uc57d 1%\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub0a8\uc131 \ubd88\uc784\uc758 \uc57d 10-15%\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\uba70, \ud3d0\uc0c9\uc131(OA, \uc57d 40%)\uacfc \ube44\ud3d0\uc0c9\uc131(NOA, \uc57d 60%)\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\ub958\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. EAU \uac00\uc774\ub4dc\ub77c\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ucd5c\uc18c \ub450 \ubc88\uc758 \uc815\uc561 \ubd84\uc11d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uc2ec\ubd84\ub9ac \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc815\uc790\uac00 \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \ub54c \uc9c4\ub2e8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>","gt-synonyms":"\uc815\uc561\uc5d0 \uc815\uc790\uacb0\uc5ec, \ubb34\uc815\uc790\uc99d, \uc815\uc790\uacb0\uc5ec, \uc815\uc790\uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c, \uc815\uc790\uc218 0","gt-citation":"[1] Sharma M, Leslie SW. Azoospermia. [Updated 2023 Nov 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK578191\/ (DOI not directly available on page, but is a StatPearls publication which are indexed)\n\n[2] Dohle GR, Elzanaty S, van Casteren NJ. Azoospermia. In: Andrology: Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction. 3rd ed. Springer; 2017. p. 221\u20139. (This is a book chapter, will search for a representative article with DOI for Azoospermia overview if possible, or cite as book chapter)\n\n[3] Jarow JP, Sigman M, Kolettis PN, Lipshultz LI, McClure RD, Naughton CK, et al. The optimal evaluation of the infertile male: AUA best practice statement. Linthicum (MD): American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.; 2010. (Guideline, will search for updated version or related AUA publication with DOI)\n\n[4] Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Diagnostic evaluation of the infertile male: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2015 Mar;103(3):e18-25. doi: 10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.12.103. Epub 2015 Jan 15.\n\n[5] Wosnitzer M, Goldstein M, Hardy MP. Review of Azoospermia. Spermatogenesis. 2014 Jan 1;4(1):e28218. doi: 10.4161\/spmg.28218. eCollection 2014.\n\n[6] Esteves SC, Miyaoka R, Agarwal A. An update on the clinical assessment of the infertile male. [Updated 2021 Jul 16]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK279149\/ (DOI not directly available on page, but is an Endotext publication)\n\n[7] Gudeloglu A, Parekattil SJ. Update in the evaluation of the azoospermic male. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2013;68 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):39-44. doi: 10.6061\/clinics\/2013(sup01)05.\n\n[8] Evaluation of an artificial intelligence-facilitated sperm detection tool for testicular sperm extraction specimens from patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Fertil Steril. 2024 Jun;121(6):1269-1277. doi: 10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.04.023. Epub 2024 Apr 23. PMID: 38652944.\n\n[9] AI predictive models and advancements in microdissection testicular sperm extraction for non-obstructive azoospermia. Hum Reprod Update. 2025 Jan 20;31(1):1-18. doi: 10.1093\/humupd\/dmae037. Epub 2024 Nov 21. PMID: 39764557.\n\n[10] A method for utilizing automated machine learning for determining Johnsen scores using artificial intelligence. Sci Rep. 2021 May 10;11(1):9880. doi: 10.1038\/s41598-021-89369-z. PMID: 33972629; PMCID: PMC8108202.","gt-clinical-context":"\ubb34\uc815\uc790\uc99d\uc740 \ub0a8\uc131 \uc694\uc778 \ubd88\uc784\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc6d0\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \ub0a8\uc131 \ubd88\uc784 \ud3c9\uac00 \uc2dc \uc784\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc778\ub418\uba70, \ubd88\uc784 \ub0a8\uc131\uc758 10~15%\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a4\u00a4<sup>1<\/sup>\u00a4\u00a4<sup>5<\/sup> \uc784\uc0c1 \ud3c9\uac00\ub294 \uc815\uc790 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc740 \uc815\uc0c1\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \ucc28\ub2e8\ub418\ub294 \ud3d0\uc1c4\uc131 \ubb34\uc815\uc790\uc99d(OA)\uacfc \ube44\ud3d0\uc1c4\uc131 \ubb34\uc815\uc790\uc99d\uc744 \uad6c\ubcc4\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub85c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. (NOA) \uc815\uc790 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc5d0 \uc7a5\uc560\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0.\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u066c\u00a4<sup>5<\/sup>\n<p>NOA\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uad00\ub828 \uc758\ud559\uc801 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\ub294 \ud074\ub77c\uc778\ud3a0\ud130 \uc99d\ud6c4\uad70(XXY \ud575\ud615), Y \uc5fc\uc0c9\uccb4 \ubbf8\uc138\uacb0\uc2e4(\uc608: AZFa, AZFb, AZFc \uc601\uc5ed), \uce7c\ub9cc \uc99d\ud6c4\uad70 \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc131\uc120\uae30\ub2a5\uc800\ud558\uc99d\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc720\uc804 \uc9c8\ud658\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<sup>1<\/sup>\u066c<sup>5<\/sup> \ub2e4\ub978 \uc6d0\uc778\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uac10\uc5fc\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uace0\ud658 \uc190\uc0c1\uc774 \uc788\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\uc608: \ubcfc\uac70\ub9ac \uace0\ud658\uc5fc), \ud654\ud559 \uc694\ubc95, \ubc29\uc0ac\uc120 \uc694\ubc95, \uc815\ub9e5\ub958 \ub610\ub294 \uc0dd\uc2dd\uc120 \ub3c5\uc18c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub178\ucd9c.\u00a4\u00a4<sup>1<\/sup> OA\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\ub294 \uc885\uc885 \ub0ad\ud3ec\uc131 \uc12c\uc720\uc99d \ub9c9\ud6a1\ub2e8 \uc804\ub3c4 \uc870\uc808\uae30(CFTR) \uc720\uc804\uc790 \ub3cc\uc5f0\ubcc0\uc774\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uc120\ucc9c\uc131 \uc591\uce21 \uc815\uad00 \uacb0\uc5ec(CBAVD) \ub610\ub294 \uac10\uc5fc\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \ud6c4\ucc9c\uc801 \ud3d0\uc1c4(\uc608: \ubd80\uace0\ud658\uc5fc)\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc678\uc0c1 \ub610\ub294 \uc815\uad00 \uc808\uc81c\uc220\uc774\ub098 \ud0c8\uc7a5 \uc218\uc220\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc774\uc804 \uc218\uc220.\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u066c<sup>5<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\ud2b9\uc815 \uce58\ub8cc\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ud658\uc790 \uc120\ud0dd\uc740 \ubb34\uc815\uc790\uc99d\uc758 \uc720\ud615\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud06c\uac8c \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uace8\uad00\uc808\uc5fc\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ub0a8\uc131\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uad50\uc815 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ub9c9\ud798\uc774 \ud655\uc778\ub418\uace0 \uc5ec\uc131 \ud30c\ud2b8\ub108\uc758 \uc784\uc2e0 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \uc88b\uc740 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc218\uc220\uc801 \uc7ac\uac74(\uc608: \uc815\uad00\ubcf5\ubd80\uc808\uac1c\uc220 \ub610\ub294 \uc815\uad00\uc815\uc790\uc808\uac1c\uc220)\uc774 \uc635\uc158\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4<sup>5<\/sup> \ub610\ub294 \ubbf8\uc138\uc218\uc220 \ubd80\uace0\ud658 \uc815\uc790 \ud761\uc778(MESA) \ub610\ub294 \uacbd\ud53c \ubd80\uace0\ud658 \uc815\uc790 \ud761\uc778(PESA)\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc815\uc790 \ucc44\ucde8 \uae30\uc220\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5b4 \uc138\ud3ec\uc9c8 \ub0b4 \uccb4\uc678 \uc218\uc815(IVF)\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc815\uc790 \uc8fc\uc785(ICSI)\uc774 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a4<sup>5<\/sup> NOA\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \ub0a8\uc131\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uce58\ub8cc \uc635\uc158\uc774 \ub354 \uc81c\ud55c\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc131\uc120\uae30\ub2a5\uc800\ud558\uc99d\uc774 \uc6d0\uc778\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ud638\ub974\ubaac \uc694\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uc790 \ud615\uc131\uc744 \ud68c\ubcf5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a4<sup>1<\/sup>\u066c\u00a4<sup>5<\/sup> \ub2e4\ub978 NOA \uc0ac\ub840\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uace0\ud658 \uc815\uc790 \ucd94\ucd9c(TESE) \ub610\ub294 \ud604\ubbf8 \ud574\ubd80 TESE(micro-TESE)\ub97c \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\uc5ec ICSI\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\uc790\ub97c \ucc3e\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<sup>5<\/sup>\u066c\u00a4\u00a4<sup>7<\/sup> \uc131\uacf5 NOA\uc758 \uc815\uc790 \ucc44\ucde8\ub294 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \ubcd1\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub2e4\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, micro-TESE\ub294 \ud074\ub77c\uc778\ud3a0\ud130 \uc99d\ud6c4\uad70 \ub0a8\uc131\uc758 \ucd5c\ub300 50%\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uc790\ub97c \ucc44\ucde8\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a4<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\ubb34\uc815\uc790\uc99d \uad00\ub9ac\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uc218\uc220 \uc808\ucc28\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc815\uc790 \ucc44\ucde8 \ub610\ub294 \uc0dd\uc2dd\uad00 \uc7ac\uac74\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. * <strong>\uc815\ub9e5 \uc870\ub8e8\uc220\/\ud608\uad00 \ud608\uad00 \uc808\uc81c\uc220:<\/strong> \uc815\uad00 \uc808\uc81c\uc220\uc744 \uc5ed\uc804\uc2dc\ud0a4\uac70\ub098 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc815\uad00\/\ubd80\uace0\ud658 \ud3d0\uc1c4\ub97c \uc6b0\ud68c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ubbf8\uc138 \uc218\uc220 \uc808\ucc28.\u00a4<sup>5<\/sup> * <strong>MESA\/PESA\/TESA\/micro-TESE:<\/strong> \ubd80\uace0\ud658\uc774\ub098 \uace0\ud658\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c1\uc811 \uc815\uc790\ub97c \ucc44\ucde8\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc220 ART.<sup>5<\/sup>\u066c<sup>7<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\uc608\uc0c1\ub418\ub294 \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. OA\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc218\uc220 \uc7ac\uac74\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc77c\ubd80 \ucee4\ud50c\uc774 \uc790\uc5f0 \uc784\uc2e0\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc131\uacf5\ub960\uc740 \ud3d0\uc0c9 \uae30\uac04 \ubc0f \uc5ec\uc131 \ud30c\ud2b8\ub108 \uc5f0\ub839\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc694\uc778\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<sup>5<\/sup> OA\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c ICSI\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uc815\uc790 \ucc44\ucde8\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uc790\uc758 \ud488\uc9c8\uc774 \uc815\uc0c1\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uc131\uacf5\ub960\uc774 \uc88b\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<sup>5<\/sup> NOA\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 TESE\/micro-TESE\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\uc790\ub97c \ucc3e\uc744 \ud655\ub960\uc740 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc57d 50~60%\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud2b9\uc815 \uc6d0\uc778 \ubc0f \uace0\ud658 \uc870\uc9c1\ud559\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub354 \ub0ae\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u066c<sup>7<\/sup> \uc815\uc790\uac00 \ucc44\ucde8\ub418\uba74 ICSI \uc131\uacf5\ub960\uc740 \ub09c\ubaa8\uc138\ud3ec \ud488\uc9c8 \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \uc5ec\uc131 \uc694\uc778\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uc720\uc804\uc801 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \ud655\uc778\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc790\uc190\uc5d0\uac8c \uc804\ub2ec\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc720\uc804 \uc0c1\ub2f4\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u00a4\u066c<sup>5<\/sup> \uc815\uc790\ub97c \ucc44\ucde8\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uae30\uc99d\uc790 \uc815\uc790\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc785\uc591\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<sup>1<\/sup> <p>\ud3d0\uc0c9\uc131 \ubb34\uc815\uc790\uc99d\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ubbf8\uc138\uc218\uc220\uc801 \uc815\uad00-\ubd80\uace0\ud658 \ubb38\ud569\uc220(MSVE)\uc774\ub098 \uc815\uad00-\uc815\uad00 \ubb38\ud569\uc220\uc774 \uce58\ub8cc \uc635\uc158\uc774\uba70, \uac1c\ud1b5\ub960\uc740 60-90%\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ube44\ud3d0\uc0c9\uc131 \ubb34\uc815\uc790\uc99d\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ubbf8\uc138\uc218\uc220\uc801 \uace0\ud658 \uc815\uc790 \ucd94\ucd9c\uc220(micro-TESE)\uc774 \uad8c\uc7a5\ub418\uba70, \uc815\uc790 \ud68c\uc218\uc728\uc740 \uc57d 40-60%\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 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