{"id":32659,"date":"2026-09-08T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-08T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/?post_type=glossary-term&p=32659"},"modified":"2026-09-09T06:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T10:00:00","slug":"%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%ab%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/hi\/glossary-term\/%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%ab%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[128],"glossary-product":[108,107,104,105],"class_list":["post-32659","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-medical-device-complications","glossary-product-conticlassic-aus","glossary-product-contireflex-enhanced-aus","glossary-product-infla10-pulse-ipp-series","glossary-product-rigi10-malleable-penile-prosthesis"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"<p>\n        \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 (microbial cells) \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091a\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u0940\u0938\u0947\u0915\u0947\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<span class=\"citation\">1<\/span> \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0924\u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938, \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0949\u0932\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 (EPS) \u092e\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<span class=\"citation\">2<\/span> \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u090a\u0924\u0915, \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 (indwelling medical devices), \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<span class=\"citation\">1<\/span>\n    <\/p>\n<p>\n        \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092b\u0947\u0928\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0915\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915 (\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u093f\u0924) \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 (antimicrobial agents) \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u091c\u092c\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<span class=\"citation\">3<\/span> \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 500-5000 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<span class=\"citation\">4<\/span> \u0909\u0938 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932, \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u0923 (corrosion) \u0915\u0923, \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0923, \u092f\u093e \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<span class=\"citation\">1<\/span>\n    <\/p>\n<p>\n        \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0908 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0935, \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094b\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0924\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935 (dispersal)\u0964<span class=\"citation\">5<\/span> \u0938\u0947\u0932-\u091f\u0942-\u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 (quorum sensing) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<span class=\"citation\">6<\/span>\n    <\/p>","gt-synonyms":"\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e, \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e, \u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u091f, \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u091f, \u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u092e \u0932\u0947\u092f\u0930, \u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u090f\u0921\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0935, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0909\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f, \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091a\u092f, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938, \u0938\u0947\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f","gt-citation":"[1] Donlan RM. Biofilms: Microbial Life on Surfaces. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Sep;8(9):881\u2013890. DOI: 10.3201\/eid0809.020063. PMID: 12194761; PMCID: PMC2732559.\n\n[2] H\u00f8iby N, Bjarnsholt T, Moser C, Bassi GL, Coenye T, Donelli G, et al. ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of biofilm infections 2014. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015 May;21(1):S1-25. DOI: 10.1016\/j.cmi.2014.10.024. PMID: 25596784.\n\n[3] Mishra A, Aggarwal A, Khan F. Medical Device-Associated Infections Caused by Biofilm-Forming Microbial Pathogens and Controlling Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Jul;13(7):623. DOI: 10.3390\/antibiotics13070623. PMID: 39061305; PMCID: PMC11274200.\n\n[4] Sharma S, Chatterjee S. Microbial Biofilm: A Review on Formation, Infection, and Control Strategies. Microorganisms. 2023 Jun;11(6):1614. DOI: 10.3390\/microorganisms11061614. PMID: 37372532; PMCID: PMC10282341.\n\n[5] Zhao A, Xue Y, Wang X. Understanding bacterial biofilms: From definition to treatment strategies. Int J Oral Sci. 2023 Mar;15(1):10. DOI: 10.1038\/s41368-023-00220-9. PMID: 36869744; PMCID: PMC10117668.\n\n[6] Donlan RM, Costerton JW. Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002 Apr;15(2):167-93. DOI: 10.1128\/CMR.15.2.167-193.2002. PMID: 11932229; PMCID: PMC118068.\n\n[7] Vinh DC, Embil JM. Device-related infections: a review. J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2005;15(5):467-88. DOI: 10.1615\/jlongtermeffmedimplants.v15.i5.20. PMID: 16218897.\n\n[8] Leong JY, Alzweri L, Chung PH, Sharma KL, Khera M, Ziegelmann M, K\u00f6hler TS. A scoping review of penile implant biofilms\u2014what do we know and what are we doing about it? Transl Androl Urol. 2022 Sep;11(9):1326-1337. DOI: 10.21037\/tau-22-111. PMID: 36186458; PMCID: PMC9459550.\n\n[9] Francolini I, Donelli G. Prevention and control of biofilm-based medical-device-related infections. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2010 Dec;59(3):227-38. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2010.00665.x. PMID: 20412300.","gt-clinical-context":"<p>\n        \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923-\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<span class=\"citation\">1<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0925\u0947\u091f\u0930, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902, \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0907\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0907\u0932\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<span class=\"citation\">3<\/span> \u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f \u0911\u092b \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e 80% \u0924\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0907\u091f\u093f\u0938, \u090f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0938, \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0938, \u092a\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0921\u094b\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f\u093f\u0938, \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f\u093f\u0938, \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0918\u093e\u0935, \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<span class=\"citation\">4<\/span>\n    <\/p>\n<p>\n        \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:\n    <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927<\/strong>: \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0915\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f 1,000 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0925\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092a\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e-\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<span class=\"citation\">5<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923-\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923<\/strong>: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902 (HAIs) \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0926\u0930, \u0930\u0941\u0917\u094d\u0923\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<span class=\"citation\">3<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 50-70% \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<span class=\"citation\">7<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923<\/strong>: \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u091c\u092c\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<span class=\"citation\">6<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0928\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong>: \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 (culture) \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0928\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091a\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<span class=\"citation\">2<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/strong>: \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e-\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0932\u094d\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u093e, \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0921\u093f\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f (\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0908), \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0925\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092a\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<span class=\"citation\">5<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n        \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0928\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902:\n    <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0938, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0921\u094b\u092e\u094b\u0928\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0930\u0941\u0917\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0938\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/li>\n<li>\u0928\u0947 native \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0938, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/li>\n<li>\u0913\u091f\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0938 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e (\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923), \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947<\/li>\n<li>\u092a\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0921\u094b\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f\u093f\u0938, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0921\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0938\u0942\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/li>\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f\u093f\u0938, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/li>\n<li>\u0915\u0948\u0925\u0947\u091f\u0930-\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 (CAUTI)<\/li>\n<li>\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0932 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928-\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 (CLABSI)<\/li>\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923<\/li>\n<li>\u092a\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923, \u091c\u094b \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0930\u0940 (revision surgery) \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<span class=\"citation\">8<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n        \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e-\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902:\n    <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u091c\u092c \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b \u0924\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u093e<\/li>\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0921\u093f\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f<\/li>\n<li>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0916\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0915, \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0925\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092a\u0940, \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925<\/li>\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940-\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/li>\n<li>\u0930\u094b\u0915\u0925\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938<span class=\"citation\">9<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n        \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e-\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0907\u0932\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964<span class=\"citation\">6<\/span>\n    <\/p>","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":true,"gt-ai-referenced":true,"gt-view-count":2},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e: \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0924\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/hi\/glossary-term\/%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%ab%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hi_IN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e: \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0924\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/hi\/glossary-term\/%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%ab%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Rigicon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rigiconurology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-09T10:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/header-d.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1440\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"718\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e: \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0924\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@rigiconurology\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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