{"id":32566,"date":"2026-09-11T18:42:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-11T22:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/?post_type=glossary-term&p=32566"},"modified":"2026-09-12T06:12:00","modified_gmt":"2026-09-12T10:12:00","slug":"nefrolitotomia-percutanea-pcnl","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/nefrolitotomia-percutanea-pcnl\/","title":{"rendered":"Nefrolitotom\u00eda percut\u00e1nea (PCNL)"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[112],"glossary-product":[],"class_list":["post-32566","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-surgical-procedures"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"<p>La nefrolitotom\u00eda percut\u00e1nea (PCNL) es un procedimiento quir\u00fargico m\u00ednimamente invasivo utilizado para extraer c\u00e1lculos renales del organismo cuando no pueden eliminarse por s\u00ed solos.<sup>1<\/sup> El t\u00e9rmino &#8220;percut\u00e1neo&#8221; significa a trav\u00e9s de la piel. El procedimiento crea un trayecto desde la piel de la espalda hasta el ri\u00f1\u00f3n, a trav\u00e9s del cual el cirujano utiliza instrumentos especializados introducidos mediante un peque\u00f1o tubo para localizar y extraer los c\u00e1lculos renales.<sup>1<\/sup> La PCNL est\u00e1 indicada principalmente para c\u00e1lculos de mayor tama\u00f1o (&gt;2 cm), c\u00e1lculos coraliformes (c\u00e1lculos que ocupan m\u00faltiples ramas del sistema colector) o cuando los procedimientos menos invasivos, como la litotricia por ondas de choque o la ureteroscopia, no son posibles o han fracasado.<sup>1,2<\/sup> Esta t\u00e9cnica ha sustituido en gran medida a la cirug\u00eda abierta para la mayor\u00eda de los c\u00e1lculos renales complejos, ofreciendo una tasa m\u00e1s alta de eliminaci\u00f3n completa de los c\u00e1lculos al tiempo que minimiza el traumatismo quir\u00fargico.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n","gt-synonyms":"NLPC, PCNL, Nefrolitotricia percut\u00e1nea, Extracci\u00f3n percut\u00e1nea de c\u00e1lculos renales, Extracci\u00f3n percut\u00e1nea de litiasis, Cirug\u00eda percut\u00e1nea de c\u00e1lculos renales","gt-citation":"[1] Mayo Clinic Staff. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Mayo Clinic. 2024. DOI: https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/percutaneous-nephrolithotomy\/about\/pac-20385051\n\n[2] Johns Hopkins Medicine. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL). 2024. DOI: https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/treatment-tests-and-therapies\/percutaneous-nephrolithonomy-pcnl\n\n[3] Khalil MAU, Patujo YH, Ullah F, et al. An Analysis of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Performed at the Institute of Kidney Disease, Pakistan: Stone Clearance and Complications. Cureus. 2024;16(12):e75430. DOI: 10.7759\/cureus.75430\n\n[4] Zhang FBY, Lin WR, Yang S, et al. Outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus open stone surgery for patients with staghorn calculi. Urological Science. 2017;28(2):97-100. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urols.2017.02.001","gt-clinical-context":"<p>La nefrolitotom\u00eda percut\u00e1nea est\u00e1 indicada cl\u00ednicamente en diversos escenarios, con criterios espec\u00edficos de selecci\u00f3n de pacientes y resultados esperados. El procedimiento se recomienda habitualmente cuando los c\u00e1lculos renales superan los 2 cm de di\u00e1metro, cuando forman un patr\u00f3n coraliforme que bloquea m\u00faltiples ramas del sistema colector del ri\u00f1\u00f3n, cuando existen c\u00e1lculos de gran tama\u00f1o en el ur\u00e9ter (el conducto que conecta el ri\u00f1\u00f3n con la vejiga) o cuando otras terapias menos invasivas han fracasado.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>El procedimiento quir\u00fargico consta de varios pasos clave: en primer lugar, se coloca al paciente bajo anestesia general. Se inserta una aguja especializada a trav\u00e9s de la piel hasta una cavidad recolectora de orina del ri\u00f1\u00f3n (c\u00e1liz) bajo control de imagen.<sup>1<\/sup> El trayecto de esta aguja se convierte en el acceso para el resto de la intervenci\u00f3n. Se coloca una vaina a lo largo de este trayecto, a trav\u00e9s de la cual se introducen instrumentos especializados para fragmentar y extraer los c\u00e1lculos.<sup>1<\/sup> En algunos casos, se puede dejar colocado temporalmente un tubo de nefrostom\u00eda para permitir el drenaje de orina directamente desde el ri\u00f1\u00f3n durante la recuperaci\u00f3n.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Los criterios de selecci\u00f3n de pacientes incluyen la consideraci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o, la localizaci\u00f3n y la composici\u00f3n del c\u00e1lculo, as\u00ed como el historial de tratamientos previos. Los pacientes con trastornos de la coagulaci\u00f3n, infecciones activas del tracto urinario o anomal\u00edas anat\u00f3micas pueden requerir consideraciones especiales.<sup>2<\/sup> El periodo de recuperaci\u00f3n previsto suele conllevar una estancia hospitalaria de 1-2 d\u00edas, debiendo evitar levantar peso y realizar actividades extenuantes durante 2-4 semanas.<sup>1<\/sup> La mayor\u00eda de los pacientes pueden reincorporarse al trabajo tras aproximadamente una semana.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Las tasas de \u00e9xito de la PCNL son generalmente elevadas, y los estudios notifican tasas libres de c\u00e1lculos del 75-80 % en casos est\u00e1ndar.<sup>3<\/sup> No obstante, factores como la localizaci\u00f3n del c\u00e1lculo pueden influir notablemente en los resultados; los c\u00e1lculos del c\u00e1liz inferior presentan tasas de eliminaci\u00f3n menores (aproximadamente del 50 %) en comparaci\u00f3n con los del c\u00e1liz superior o medio.<sup>3<\/sup> Las tasas de complicaciones se sit\u00faan en torno al 15-20 %, siendo la mayor\u00eda de car\u00e1cter menor (grados I-II de Clavien-Dindo).<sup>3<\/sup> Las complicaciones mayores (grados III-IV) se producen en aproximadamente el 4-5 % de los casos.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":false,"gt-ai-referenced":true,"gt-view-count":0},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nefrolitotom\u00eda percut\u00e1nea (PCNL): t\u00e9cnica y tratamiento<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La nefrolitotom\u00eda percut\u00e1nea es una cirug\u00eda m\u00ednimamente invasiva para extraer c\u00e1lculos renales grandes mediante una peque\u00f1a incisi\u00f3n dorsal.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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