{"id":12169,"date":"2025-07-31T10:50:15","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T14:50:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/glossary-term\/neobladder\/"},"modified":"2026-10-06T18:04:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T22:04:24","slug":"neovejiga","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/neovejiga\/","title":{"rendered":"Neovejiga"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[112],"glossary-product":[],"class_list":["post-12169","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-surgical-procedures"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"<p>La neovejiga es un reservorio para la orina creado quir\u00fargicamente a partir de tejido intestinal tras la extirpaci\u00f3n de la vejiga (cistectom\u00eda). Esta t\u00e9cnica de derivaci\u00f3n urinaria ortot\u00f3pica consiste en reconfigurar segmentos del intestino delgado, habitualmente el \u00edleon, en una bolsa esf\u00e9rica que funciona como vejiga de sustituci\u00f3n.<sup>1<\/sup> La neovejiga se sit\u00faa en la posici\u00f3n original de la vejiga y se conecta tanto a los ur\u00e9teres (que transportan la orina desde los ri\u00f1ones) como a la uretra, lo que permite almacenar la orina dentro del cuerpo y orinar de forma voluntaria a trav\u00e9s del conducto uretral natural.<sup>2<\/sup> El objetivo principal de la neovejiga es mantener la continencia y preservar la calidad de vida, permitiendo a los pacientes orinar de una manera similar a la funci\u00f3n fisiol\u00f3gica normal tras la extirpaci\u00f3n de la vejiga.<sup>3<\/sup> Con el tiempo, el tejido intestinal experimenta un proceso de maduraci\u00f3n, con cambios estructurales y ultraestructurales en la mucosa ileal que dan lugar a un epitelio primitivo similar al urotelio, lo que mejora su funci\u00f3n como reservorio urinario.<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>","gt-synonyms":"Neovejiga ortot\u00f3pica, Neovejiga ileal, Derivaci\u00f3n urinaria ortot\u00f3pica, Derivaci\u00f3n urinaria continente, Sustituci\u00f3n de vejiga, Neovesica","gt-citation":"[1] Chesnut GT, Rentea RM, Leslie SW. Urinary Diversions and Neobladders. StatPearls. 2024. PMID: 32809318. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK560483\/\n\n[2] Hautmann RE. Urinary diversion: ileal conduit to neobladder. J Urol. 2003 Mar;169(3):834-42. DOI: 10.1097\/01.ju.0000029010.97686.eb.\n\n[3] Barone B, Napolitano L, Reccia P, et al. Advances in Urinary Diversion: From Cutaneous Ureterostomy to Orthotopic Neobladder Reconstruction\u2014A Comprehensive Review. J Pers Med. 2024;14(4):392. DOI: 10.3390\/jpm14040392. PMID: 38673019\n\n[4] Palleschi G, Pastore AL, Ripoli A, et al. Urodynamic assessment of orthotopic urinary diversions. Front Urol. 2022;2:885826. DOI: 10.3389\/fruro.2022.885826.\n\n[5] Cleveland Clinic. Bladder Reconstruction Surgery (Neobladder): Procedure. Updated April 24, 2024. https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/procedures\/bladder-reconstruction-surgery.","gt-clinical-context":"<p>La reconstrucci\u00f3n con neovejiga est\u00e1 indicada principalmente en pacientes sometidos a cistectom\u00eda radical por c\u00e1ncer de vejiga m\u00fasculo-invasivo, que representa el tratamiento m\u00e1s eficaz, con tasas de supervivencia c\u00e1ncer-espec\u00edfica a 5 a\u00f1os notificadas de hasta el 76%.<sup>1<\/sup> Otras indicaciones incluyen el dolor o la disfunci\u00f3n vesical cr\u00f3nicos debidos a lesiones, cirug\u00eda o radioterapia que obligan a extirpar la vejiga.<sup>2<\/sup> La selecci\u00f3n de pacientes es fundamental para obtener buenos resultados; los candidatos ideales son personas motivadas, con una funci\u00f3n renal adecuada, sin afectaci\u00f3n tumoral de la uretra y con un buen estado de salud general.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>El procedimiento quir\u00fargico consiste en extirpar la vejiga (cistectom\u00eda), habitualmente con linfadenectom\u00eda p\u00e9lvica bilateral, y a continuaci\u00f3n aislar un segmento de intestino delgado (generalmente 40-60 cm de \u00edleon) preservando su irrigaci\u00f3n sangu\u00ednea.<sup>4<\/sup> Este segmento intestinal se reconfigura despu\u00e9s en un reservorio esf\u00e9rico, que se coloca en la posici\u00f3n original de la vejiga y se conecta tanto a los ur\u00e9teres como a la uretra.<sup>5<\/sup> El procedimiento puede realizarse mediante cirug\u00eda abierta tradicional o con t\u00e9cnicas m\u00ednimamente invasivas como la cirug\u00eda asistida por robot, con tiempos quir\u00fargicos que suelen oscilar entre 2-6 horas.<sup>5<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>En el posoperatorio, los pacientes necesitan una sonda urinaria durante aproximadamente tres semanas para permitir la cicatrizaci\u00f3n.<sup>2<\/sup> La recuperaci\u00f3n implica aprender nuevas t\u00e9cnicas de micci\u00f3n utilizando los m\u00fasculos abdominales y puede requerir ejercicios del suelo p\u00e9lvico para mejorar la continencia.<sup>5<\/sup> Los resultados cl\u00ednicos muestran que m\u00e1s del 90% de los pacientes logran la continencia diurna en un plazo de 12-18 meses, mientras que m\u00e1s del 50% logran la continencia nocturna en un plazo de 18-36 meses tras la cirug\u00eda.<sup>5<\/sup> Aproximadamente el 10-15% de los pacientes pueden necesitar autosondaje intermitente debido a la dificultad para vaciar completamente la neovejiga.<sup>5<\/sup><\/p>","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":true,"gt-ai-referenced":false,"gt-view-count":122},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Neovejiga: Surgical Bladder Reconstruction After Cystectomy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Una neovejiga es un reservorio urinario construido con tejido intestinal tras una cistectom\u00eda, permitiendo orinar por la uretra de forma 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