{"id":12132,"date":"2025-07-25T10:00:22","date_gmt":"2025-07-25T14:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/glossary-term\/hyperoxaluria\/"},"modified":"2026-10-06T18:04:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T22:04:24","slug":"hiperoxaluria","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/hiperoxaluria\/","title":{"rendered":"Hiperoxaluria"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[126],"glossary-product":[],"class_list":["post-12132","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-urological-conditions"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"<p>\n        La hiperoxaluria es un trastorno metab\u00f3lico caracterizado por una excreci\u00f3n excesiva de oxalato en la orina, que suele definirse como una excreci\u00f3n urinaria de oxalato superior a 40 mg (440 \u03bcmol) en 24 horas.<sup class=\"citation\">1<\/sup> El oxalato es una sustancia qu\u00edmica natural que produce el organismo y que se encuentra en ciertos alimentos; cuando est\u00e1 presente en concentraciones elevadas, forma cristales con el calcio en los ri\u00f1ones.<sup class=\"citation\">2<\/sup> Estos cristales de oxalato de calcio pueden provocar la formaci\u00f3n de c\u00e1lculos renales, nefrocalcinosis (dep\u00f3sitos de calcio en el tejido renal) y, en los casos graves, da\u00f1o renal e insuficiencia renal.<sup class=\"citation\">3<\/sup> La hiperoxaluria puede clasificarse en formas primarias (trastornos gen\u00e9ticos hereditarios del metabolismo del glioxilato) y formas secundarias (derivadas de un aumento de la ingesta diet\u00e9tica o de la absorci\u00f3n intestinal de oxalato).<sup class=\"citation\">4<\/sup>\n    <\/p>","gt-synonyms":"oxaluria, Hiperoxalosis (cuando se refiere al dep\u00f3sito sist\u00e9mico de oxalato), Hiperoxaluria primaria (PH1, PH2, PH3 para formas gen\u00e9ticas), Hiperoxaluria ent\u00e9rica, Hiperoxaluria diet\u00e9tica, Hiperoxaluria idiop\u00e1tica","gt-citation":"[1] Shah A, Leslie SW, Ramakrishnan S. Hyperoxaluria. StatPearls. 2024 Mar 4. PMID: 32644413. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK558987\/\n\n[2] Groothoff JW, Metry E, Deesker L, et al. Clinical practice recommendations for primary hyperoxaluria: an expert consensus statement from ERKNet and OxalEurope. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2023;19:194-211. DOI: 10.1038\/s41581-022-00661-1\n\n[3] Bhasin B, \u00dcrekli HM, Atta MG. Primary and secondary hyperoxaluria: Understanding the enigma. World J Nephrol. 2015;4(2):235-244. DOI: 10.5527\/wjn.v4.i2.235\n\n[4] Demoulin N, Aydin S, Gillion V, et al. Pathophysiology and Management of Hyperoxaluria and Oxalate Nephropathy: A Review. Am J Kidney Dis. 2022;79(5):717-727. DOI: 10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.07.018. PMID: 34508834","gt-clinical-context":"<p>\n        La hiperoxaluria contribuye de forma importante a la nefrolitiasis (c\u00e1lculos renales), y el oxalato urinario es el promotor qu\u00edmico m\u00e1s potente de la formaci\u00f3n de c\u00e1lculos renales.<sup class=\"citation\">1<\/sup> La presentaci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica var\u00eda seg\u00fan el tipo y la gravedad de la hiperoxaluria, pero las manifestaciones habituales incluyen c\u00e1lculos renales recurrentes, hematuria (sangre en la orina), infecciones del tracto urinario y dolor en el flanco.<sup class=\"citation\">2<\/sup>\n    <\/p>\n    \n    <p>\n        La hiperoxaluria primaria (HP) es un trastorno hereditario poco frecuente con tres tipos principales (HP1, HP2, HP3), cada uno causado por mutaciones gen\u00e9ticas diferentes que afectan a enzimas hep\u00e1ticas implicadas en el metabolismo del glioxilato.<sup class=\"citation\">3<\/sup> La HP1, la forma m\u00e1s grave, est\u00e1 causada por mutaciones en el gen AGXT, que dan lugar a una deficiencia de la actividad de la alanina-glioxilato aminotransferasa.<sup class=\"citation\">4<\/sup> Sin tratamiento, la HP1 suele progresar a enfermedad renal terminal (ERT) en la infancia o al inicio de la edad adulta.<sup class=\"citation\">5<\/sup>\n    <\/p>\n    \n    <p>\n        La hiperoxaluria secundaria incluye la hiperoxaluria ent\u00e9rica (derivada de enfermedades intestinales como la enfermedad de Crohn o tras una cirug\u00eda bari\u00e1trica), la hiperoxaluria diet\u00e9tica (por un consumo excesivo de alimentos ricos en oxalato) y la hiperoxaluria idiop\u00e1tica.<sup class=\"citation\">6<\/sup>\n    <\/p>\n    \n    <p>\n        Las estrategias de tratamiento dependen de la causa subyacente y de la gravedad, pero en general incluyen el aumento de la ingesta de l\u00edquidos (con el objetivo de una diuresis &gt;3 L al d\u00eda), la restricci\u00f3n del oxalato en la dieta, los suplementos de calcio con las comidas, la alcalinizaci\u00f3n urinaria con citrato de potasio y, en los casos graves, tratamientos espec\u00edficos como la piridoxina (vitamina B6) en los pacientes con HP1 que responden a ella.<sup class=\"citation\">7<\/sup> En la hiperoxaluria primaria, las nuevas terapias de ARN de interferencia, como el lumasir\u00e1n, han mostrado resultados prometedores en la reducci\u00f3n de la producci\u00f3n de oxalato.<sup class=\"citation\">8<\/sup> En los casos avanzados con insuficiencia renal, pueden ser necesarios la di\u00e1lisis intensiva y el trasplante combinado de h\u00edgado y ri\u00f1\u00f3n, en particular en la HP1.<sup class=\"citation\">9<\/sup>\n    <\/p>","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":true,"gt-ai-referenced":false,"gt-view-count":96},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hiperoxaluria: Causes, Symptoms, and Management<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La 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