{"id":12130,"date":"2025-07-24T10:34:23","date_gmt":"2025-07-24T14:34:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/glossary-term\/external-beam-radiation-therapy\/"},"modified":"2026-10-06T18:04:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T22:04:24","slug":"radioterapia-de-haz-externo","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/radioterapia-de-haz-externo\/","title":{"rendered":"Radioterapia de Haz Externo"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[126],"glossary-product":[],"class_list":["post-12130","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-urological-conditions"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"La radioterapia de haz externo (EBRT) es una forma de tratamiento con radiaci\u00f3n que dirige rayos de alta energ\u00eda desde el exterior del cuerpo hacia el tejido canceroso. Utiliza una m\u00e1quina denominada acelerador lineal (o, hist\u00f3ricamente, una fuente de cobalto-60) para administrar haces de radiaci\u00f3n dirigidos con precisi\u00f3n a los tumores, al tiempo que minimiza la exposici\u00f3n de los tejidos sanos circundantes.<sup>1<\/sup> <sup>2<\/sup> La EBRT induce da\u00f1o en el ADN, detenci\u00f3n del ciclo celular, da\u00f1o citogen\u00e9tico, apoptosis y senescencia en las c\u00e9lulas cancerosas, con lo que bloquea su capacidad de seguir proliferando y, en \u00faltima instancia, provoca la muerte celular.<sup>3<\/sup> Los haces de radiaci\u00f3n son invisibles y no se perciben cuando atraviesan la piel para alcanzar el c\u00e1ncer.<sup>4<\/sup> Esta modalidad de tratamiento suele administrarse de forma ambulatoria en un hospital o centro de tratamiento a lo largo de varias semanas, y los pacientes suelen recibir tratamiento cinco d\u00edas a la semana (de lunes a viernes).<sup>5<\/sup>","gt-synonyms":"EBRT, radioterapia externa, teleterapia, tratamiento de radiaci\u00f3n, radiaci\u00f3n externa, XRT","gt-citation":"[1] Koka K, Verma A, Dwarakanath BS, Papineni RVL. Technological Advancements in External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT): An Indispensable Tool for Cancer Treatment. Cancer Manag Res. 2022 Apr 11;14:1421-1429. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CMAR.S351744\n\n[2] Abbott EM, Falzone N, Lenzo N, Vallis KA. Combining External Beam Radiation and Radionuclide Therapies: Rationale, Radiobiology, Results and Roadblocks. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2021 Nov;33(11):735-743. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clon.2021.09.004\n\n[3] Yorke E, Gelblum D, Ford E. Patient Safety in External Beam Radiation Therapy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011 Apr;196(4):768-72. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.10.6006\n\n[4] National Cancer Institute. Definition of external beam radiation therapy. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Accessed June 2, 2025. https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/publications\/dictionaries\/cancer-terms\/def\/external-beam-radiation-therapy\n\n[5] American Cancer Society. Getting External Beam Radiation Therapy. Updated February 13, 2023. Accessed June 2, 2025. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/managing-cancer\/treatment-types\/radiation\/external-beam-radiation-therapy.html","gt-clinical-context":"La radioterapia de haz externo se utiliza para tratar muchos tipos de c\u00e1ncer, ya sea como tratamiento principal o en combinaci\u00f3n con otras modalidades como la cirug\u00eda, la quimioterapia y la inmunoterapia.<sup>1<\/sup> <sup>2<\/sup> Es especialmente eficaz para tratar tumores localizados y puede utilizarse con intenci\u00f3n curativa o con fines paliativos para aliviar los s\u00edntomas en la enfermedad avanzada.<sup>3<\/sup><p>La selecci\u00f3n de los pacientes para la EBRT depende de varios factores, como el tipo, el estadio y la localizaci\u00f3n del c\u00e1ncer, el estado de salud general del paciente y los objetivos del tratamiento.<sup>4<\/sup> El proceso de planificaci\u00f3n del tratamiento utiliza t\u00e9cnicas de imagen avanzadas, como la tomograf\u00eda computarizada (TC), la tomograf\u00eda por emisi\u00f3n de positrones (PET) y la resonancia magn\u00e9tica (RM), para delimitar con precisi\u00f3n el tumor y los tejidos circundantes.<sup>1<\/sup> <sup>5<\/sup><\/p><p>Diversos avances tecnol\u00f3gicos han aumentado la eficacia de la EBRT, entre ellos:<\/p><ul><li>Radioterapia conformacional tridimensional (3DCRT): utiliza im\u00e1genes tridimensionales para ajustar los haces de radiaci\u00f3n a la forma del tumor, lo que reduce el da\u00f1o a los tejidos normales.<sup>1<\/sup> <sup>5<\/sup><\/li><li>Radioterapia de intensidad modulada (IMRT): perfecciona la 3DCRT modificando la potencia (intensidad) de algunos haces en determinadas zonas, lo que permite administrar dosis m\u00e1s altas a partes espec\u00edficas del tumor y reducir el da\u00f1o a los tejidos cercanos.<sup>1<\/sup> <sup>5<\/sup><\/li><li>Radioterapia guiada por imagen (IGRT): utiliza estudios de imagen antes de cada sesi\u00f3n de tratamiento para ajustar, seg\u00fan sea necesario, la posici\u00f3n del paciente o la orientaci\u00f3n de los haces de radiaci\u00f3n, lo que garantiza una direcci\u00f3n precisa.<sup>1<\/sup> <sup>5<\/sup><\/li><li>Radiocirug\u00eda estereot\u00e1ctica (SRS) y radioterapia estereot\u00e1ctica corporal (SBRT): administran dosis elevadas de radiaci\u00f3n en zonas tumorales peque\u00f1as con extrema precisi\u00f3n, a menudo en menos sesiones.<sup>1<\/sup> <sup>5<\/sup><\/li><li>Terapia con part\u00edculas: utiliza protones u otras part\u00edculas en lugar de fotones, lo que permite un dep\u00f3sito de energ\u00eda m\u00e1s preciso en la zona del tumor con menos da\u00f1o a los tejidos circundantes.<sup>1<\/sup> <sup>3<\/sup><\/li><\/ul><p>Los resultados esperados var\u00edan en funci\u00f3n del tipo y el estadio del c\u00e1ncer y de la intenci\u00f3n del tratamiento, pero la EBRT ha demostrado una eficacia significativa en el control local del tumor y en la mejora de las tasas de supervivencia en muchos tipos de c\u00e1ncer.<sup>2<\/sup> <sup>3<\/sup> Los efectos secundarios pueden incluir cansancio, reacciones cut\u00e1neas en la zona tratada y efectos espec\u00edficos relacionados con la regi\u00f3n tratada, aunque las t\u00e9cnicas modernas tienen como objetivo minimizar estos efectos adversos.<sup>4<\/sup> <sup>5<\/sup><\/p>","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":true,"gt-ai-referenced":false,"gt-view-count":126},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Radioterapia de Haz Externo: Precision Cancer Treatment<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La radioterapia de haz externo dirige radiaci\u00f3n de alta energ\u00eda hacia el tejido tumoral prost\u00e1tico para destruir c\u00e9lulas malignas de forma precisa.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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