{"id":12113,"date":"2025-07-11T10:23:13","date_gmt":"2025-07-11T14:23:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/glossary-term\/lithotripsy\/"},"modified":"2026-10-06T18:19:32","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T22:19:32","slug":"litotricia","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/litotricia\/","title":{"rendered":"Litotricia"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[112],"glossary-product":[108,107],"class_list":["post-12113","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-surgical-procedures","glossary-product-conticlassic-aus","glossary-product-contireflex-enhanced-aus"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"<p>La litotricia es un procedimiento m\u00e9dico no invasivo o m\u00ednimamente invasivo que se utiliza para fragmentar los c\u00e1lculos del tracto urinario, incluidos los ri\u00f1ones, los ur\u00e9teres, la vejiga y la uretra, en fragmentos m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os que pueden expulsarse de forma natural con la orina.<sup>1<\/sup> El t\u00e9rmino \u00ablitotricia\u00bb procede de las palabras griegas \u00ablithos\u00bb (piedra) y \u00abtripsis\u00bb (frotamiento, fricci\u00f3n).<sup>2<\/sup> Existen varios tipos de litotricia; el m\u00e1s frecuente es la litotricia extracorp\u00f3rea por ondas de choque (LEOC), que utiliza ondas de choque de alta energ\u00eda generadas fuera del cuerpo y focalizadas sobre el c\u00e1lculo.<sup>3<\/sup> Otros m\u00e9todos incluyen la litotricia l\u00e1ser, que utiliza energ\u00eda l\u00e1ser aplicada a trav\u00e9s de un endoscopio flexible introducido en el tracto urinario para fragmentar los c\u00e1lculos.<sup>4<\/sup> La litotricia revolucion\u00f3 el tratamiento de los c\u00e1lculos renales a principios de la d\u00e9cada de 1980 al ofrecer una alternativa a los procedimientos quir\u00fargicos invasivos, con una reducci\u00f3n significativa del tiempo de recuperaci\u00f3n y de las complicaciones.<sup>5<\/sup><\/p>","gt-synonyms":"Litotricia extracorp\u00f3rea por ondas de choque (LEOC), Litotricia por ondas de choque (SWL), Litotricia l\u00e1ser, Litotricia con l\u00e1ser de holmio, Litotricia ultras\u00f3nica, Litotricia Neum\u00e1tica, Litotricia electrohidr\u00e1ulica (EHL), Terapia de fragmentaci\u00f3n de c\u00e1lculos, Litotricia por ondas en r\u00e1faga (BWL)","gt-citation":"[1] Elmansy HE, Lingeman JE. Recent advances in lithotripsy technology and treatment strategies: A systematic review update. Int J Surg. 2016 Nov 24;36(Pt D):676-680. DOI: 10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.11.097\n\n[2] Leighton TG, Cleveland RO. Lithotripsy. Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2010;224(2):317-342. DOI: 10.1243\/09544119JEIM588\n\n[3] McAteer JA, Evan AP. The acute and long-term adverse effects of shock wave lithotripsy. Semin Nephrol. 2008 Mar;28(2):200-213. DOI: 10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.01.003\n\n[4] Harper JD, Cunitz BW, Dunmire B, et al. First in-human clinical trial of ultrasonic propulsion of kidney stones. J Urol. 2016;195(4 Pt 1):956-964. DOI: 10.1016\/j.juro.2015.10.131\n\n[5] T\u00fcrk C, Pet\u0159\u00edk A, Sarica K, et al. EAU Guidelines on Interventional Treatment for Urolithiasis. Eur Urol. 2016;69(3):475-482. DOI: 10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.07.041","gt-clinical-context":"<p>La litotricia est\u00e1 indicada principalmente para el tratamiento de los c\u00e1lculos del tracto urinario demasiado grandes para expulsarse de forma natural (normalmente &gt;5mm) o de los que causan dolor importante, obstrucci\u00f3n o infecci\u00f3n.<sup>1<\/sup> Los criterios de selecci\u00f3n de pacientes incluyen el tama\u00f1o, la composici\u00f3n y la localizaci\u00f3n del c\u00e1lculo, y los resultados \u00f3ptimos suelen observarse en c\u00e1lculos de menos de 2cm de di\u00e1metro.<sup>2<\/sup> La litotricia extracorp\u00f3rea por ondas de choque (LEOC) suele recomendarse para los c\u00e1lculos renales no complicados localizados en la pelvis renal o en el c\u00e1liz superior\/medio, mientras que los c\u00e1lculos del polo inferior pueden presentar tasas de eliminaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s bajas.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>Los factores que influyen en el \u00e9xito del tratamiento incluyen la densidad del c\u00e1lculo (medida en unidades Hounsfield en la TC), la distancia piel-c\u00e1lculo y el h\u00e1bito corporal del paciente.<sup>4<\/sup> En los pacientes con un IMC &gt;30 o una distancia piel-c\u00e1lculo &gt;10cm, la eficacia de la LEOC puede ser menor debido a la atenuaci\u00f3n de las ondas de choque a trav\u00e9s de los tejidos.<sup>5<\/sup> Determinadas composiciones de los c\u00e1lculos, como la cistina, la brushita o el oxalato c\u00e1lcico monohidratado, son m\u00e1s resistentes a la fragmentaci\u00f3n por ondas de choque y pueden requerir enfoques alternativos.<sup>6<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>El procedimiento suele realizarse de forma ambulatoria bajo sedaci\u00f3n o anestesia ligera. En la LEOC, el paciente se coloca sobre un coj\u00edn lleno de agua o en un ba\u00f1o de agua mientras se aplican las ondas de choque, y la EAU recomienda una frecuencia de 60\u201390 ondas de choque por minuto.<sup>7<\/sup> La recuperaci\u00f3n suele ser r\u00e1pida y la mayor\u00eda de los pacientes pueden reanudar sus actividades normales en 1-2 d\u00edas, aunque pueden presentar hematuria y molestias leves a medida que se expulsan los fragmentos.<sup>8<\/sup> Las tasas de \u00e9xito var\u00edan seg\u00fan las caracter\u00edsticas del c\u00e1lculo, pero oscilan entre el 50-90% en pacientes adecuadamente seleccionados.<sup>9<\/sup><\/p>","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":true,"gt-ai-referenced":false,"gt-view-count":112},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lithotripsy: Breaking Down C\u00e1lculos Renales Without Surgery<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La litotricia es un procedimiento urol\u00f3gico que fragmenta c\u00e1lculos en el ri\u00f1\u00f3n o las v\u00edas urinarias mediante ondas de choque o tecnolog\u00eda l\u00e1ser.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/litotricia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Litotricia - 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