{"id":12092,"date":"2025-07-17T03:32:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-17T07:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/glossary-term\/urinary-antiseptics\/"},"modified":"2026-10-06T18:04:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T22:04:24","slug":"antisepticos-urinarios","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/antisepticos-urinarios\/","title":{"rendered":"Antis\u00e9pticos Urinarios"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[114],"glossary-product":[108,107],"class_list":["post-12092","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-urological-agents","glossary-product-conticlassic-aus","glossary-product-contireflex-enhanced-aus"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"<p>Los antis\u00e9pticos urinarios son f\u00e1rmacos orales que ejercen actividad antibacteriana en la orina, pero que tienen un efecto antibacteriano sist\u00e9mico escaso o nulo.<sup>1<\/sup> Estos medicamentos est\u00e1n dise\u00f1ados espec\u00edficamente para alcanzar concentraciones terap\u00e9uticas solo en la orina, lo que los hace eficaces para tratar y prevenir las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU).<sup>2<\/sup> Su finalidad principal es inhibir o eliminar los microorganismos del tracto urinario reduciendo al m\u00ednimo los efectos sist\u00e9micos.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>Los antis\u00e9pticos urinarios act\u00faan mediante distintos mecanismos seg\u00fan el f\u00e1rmaco concreto. Por ejemplo, la nitrofuranto\u00edna, un antis\u00e9ptico urinario de uso habitual, es bactericida frente a muchas bacterias grampositivas y gramnegativas gracias a su r\u00e1pida conversi\u00f3n intracelular, por acci\u00f3n de las reductasas bacterianas, en intermediarios muy reactivos.<sup>4<\/sup> Estos intermediarios reaccionan de forma inespec\u00edfica con las prote\u00ednas ribos\u00f3micas y alteran la s\u00edntesis de prote\u00ednas, ARN y ADN, as\u00ed como los procesos metab\u00f3licos.<sup>4<\/sup> Otros f\u00e1rmacos, como la metenamina, act\u00faan liberando formaldeh\u00eddo en la orina \u00e1cida, que tiene propiedades antibacterianas.<sup>5<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>La utilidad de los antis\u00e9pticos urinarios se limita a las infecciones del tracto urinario inferior; no alcanzan niveles tisulares adecuados y no deben utilizarse en la pielonefritis.<sup>1,6<\/sup> La supresi\u00f3n prolongada de la bacteriuria con antis\u00e9pticos urinarios puede ser deseable en las infecciones urinarias cr\u00f3nicas o recurrentes en las que no ha sido posible erradicar la infecci\u00f3n con un tratamiento sist\u00e9mico de corta duraci\u00f3n.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>","gt-synonyms":"Agentes antiinfecciosos del tracto urinario., antibacterianos urinarios, antimicrobianos del tracto urinario, desinfectantes del tracto urinario, agentes quimioterap\u00e9uticos urinarios, Agentes profil\u00e1cticos para las ITU","gt-citation":"[1] Mayrer AR, Andriole VT. Urinary tract antiseptics. Med Clin North Am. 1982 Jan;66(1):199-208. DOI: 10.1016\/s0025-7125(16)31453-5\n\n[2] Kalpana Gupta, Barbara W. Trautner. Urinary Tract Infections, Pyelonephritis, and Prostatitis. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e. McGraw Hill; 2018. Available from: https:\/\/accessmedicine.mhmedical.com\/content.aspx?bookid=2129&amp;sectionid=186949849\n\n[3] Milo G, Katchman EA, Paul M, Christiaens T, Baerheim A, Leibovici L. Duration of antibacterial treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(2):CD004682. DOI: 10.1002\/14651858.CD004682.pub2\n\n[4] Katzung BG, ed. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 14e. McGraw Hill; 2018. Chapter 50: Miscellaneous Antimicrobial Agents; Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants.\n\n[5] Guay DR. An update on the role of nitrofurans in the management of urinary tract infections. Drugs. 2001;61(3):353-64. DOI: 10.2165\/00003495-200161030-00004\n\n[6] Huttner A, Verhaegh EM, Harbarth S, Muller AE, Theuretzbacher U, Mouton JW. Nitrofurantoin revisited: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70(9):2456-64. DOI: 10.1093\/jac\/dkv147","gt-clinical-context":"<p>Los antis\u00e9pticos urinarios se utilizan principalmente en el tratamiento de las infecciones no complicadas del tracto urinario inferior, en particular la cistitis aguda.<sup>1<\/sup> Tambi\u00e9n son \u00fatiles para la profilaxis y la supresi\u00f3n de las infecciones urinarias recurrentes cuando el tratamiento sist\u00e9mico de corta duraci\u00f3n no ha sido eficaz.<sup>1,6<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>La selecci\u00f3n de pacientes para el tratamiento con antis\u00e9pticos urinarios suele incluir a personas con:<\/p>\n    <ul>\n        <li>Bacteriuria vesical sintom\u00e1tica aguda no complicada<sup>1<\/sup><\/li>\n        <li>Infecciones urinarias recurrentes que requieren profilaxis<sup>2<\/sup><\/li>\n        <li>Infecciones urinarias cr\u00f3nicas en las que ha fracasado la erradicaci\u00f3n con un tratamiento de corta duraci\u00f3n<sup>1<\/sup><\/li>\n        <li>Pacientes que no toleran los antibi\u00f3ticos sist\u00e9micos<sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n    \n    <p>Cada f\u00e1rmaco tiene aplicaciones cl\u00ednicas particulares. La nitrofuranto\u00edna es eficaz en la infecci\u00f3n del tracto urinario inferior y en la bacteriuria recurrente, y sirve como f\u00e1rmaco supresor a largo plazo, incluso en ni\u00f1os y pacientes embarazadas, con una baja incidencia de aparici\u00f3n de resistencias, pero no debe utilizarse en la pielonefritis.<sup>1<\/sup> Es bactericida frente a muchas bacterias grampositivas y gramnegativas, aunque Pseudomonas aeruginosa y muchas cepas de Proteus son intr\u00ednsecamente resistentes.<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>La metenamina, cuando se utiliza con un conocimiento adecuado de su comportamiento farmacocin\u00e9tico, es eficaz en mujeres con bacteriuria recurrente no complicada, incluidas las causadas por pat\u00f3genos multirresistentes, y como f\u00e1rmaco profil\u00e1ctico en varones con infecci\u00f3n recurrente.<sup>1,5<\/sup> Para lograr una eficacia \u00f3ptima, la metenamina requiere una orina \u00e1cida (pH inferior a 5,5) para liberar formaldeh\u00eddo, que es el que ejerce el efecto antibacteriano.<sup>5<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>En la cistitis aguda en adultos, la nitrofuranto\u00edna se administra habitualmente en dosis de 100 mg dos veces al d\u00eda (liberaci\u00f3n modificada) o de 50-100 mg cuatro veces al d\u00eda (macrocristales) durante 5 d\u00edas, y de 50-100 mg una vez al d\u00eda como profilaxis.<sup>4<\/sup> Para el mandelato de metenamina, la dosis est\u00e1ndar es de 1 g cuatro veces al d\u00eda, y para el hipurato de metenamina, de 1 g dos veces al d\u00eda.<sup>5<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>Su eficacia se limita a las infecciones del tracto urinario inferior, y no se recomiendan para la pielonefritis ni para las ITU complicadas con s\u00edntomas sist\u00e9micos.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":true,"gt-ai-referenced":false,"gt-view-count":382},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ 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