{"id":12068,"date":"2025-08-05T09:49:27","date_gmt":"2025-08-05T13:49:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/glossary-term\/radical-cystectomy\/"},"modified":"2026-10-06T18:04:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T22:04:24","slug":"cistectomia-radical","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/cistectomia-radical\/","title":{"rendered":"Cistectom\u00eda Radical"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[112],"glossary-product":[],"class_list":["post-12068","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-surgical-procedures"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"<p>La cistectom\u00eda radical es un procedimiento quir\u00fargico que consiste en la extirpaci\u00f3n completa de la vejiga urinaria y de los \u00f3rganos adyacentes para tratar el c\u00e1ncer de vejiga.<sup>1<\/sup> En los pacientes varones, suele incluir la extirpaci\u00f3n de la pr\u00f3stata y las ves\u00edculas seminales, mientras que en las pacientes mujeres puede incluir la extirpaci\u00f3n del \u00fatero, los ovarios, las trompas de Falopio y parte de la pared vaginal anterior.<sup>2<\/sup> El procedimiento tambi\u00e9n suele incluir la extirpaci\u00f3n de los ganglios linf\u00e1ticos regionales (linfadenectom\u00eda p\u00e9lvica) para evaluar la diseminaci\u00f3n del c\u00e1ncer y mejorar los resultados oncol\u00f3gicos.<sup>3<\/sup> Tras la extirpaci\u00f3n de la vejiga, se realiza una derivaci\u00f3n urinaria para crear una nueva v\u00eda por la que la orina salga del cuerpo.<sup>4<\/sup> La cistectom\u00eda radical se considera una de las t\u00e9cnicas quir\u00fargicas m\u00e1s complejas de la urolog\u00eda y constituye el tratamiento est\u00e1ndar del c\u00e1ncer de vejiga m\u00fasculo-invasivo (CVMI) en ausencia de enfermedad metast\u00e1sica.<sup>5<\/sup><\/p>","gt-synonyms":"Cistectom\u00eda completa, Cistectom\u00eda total, Cirug\u00eda de extirpaci\u00f3n radical de la vejiga, RC","gt-citation":"[1] Aminoltejari K, Black PC. Radical cystectomy: a review of techniques, developments and controversies. Transl Androl Urol. 2020 Dec;9(6):3073-3081. DOI: 10.21037\/tau.2020.03.23\n\n[2] Afak YS, Wazir BS, Hamid A, Wani MS, Aziz R. Comparative Study of Various Forms of Urinary Diversion after Radical Cystectomy in Muscle Invasive Carcinoma Urinary Bladder. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2009 Jan;3(1):3-11. PMID: 21475504\n\n[3] McGuire MS, Grimaldi G, Grotas J, Russo P. The type of urinary diversion after radical cystectomy significantly impacts on the patient's quality of life. Ann Surg Oncol. 2000 Jan-Feb;7(1):4-8. DOI: 10.1007\/s10434-000-0004-2\n\n[4] National Cancer Institute. Definition of radical cystectomy - NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/publications\/dictionaries\/cancer-terms\/def\/radical-cystectomy\n\n[5] Mayo Clinic. Bladder removal surgery (cystectomy). https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/cystectomy\/about\/pac-20385108","gt-clinical-context":"<p>La cistectom\u00eda radical est\u00e1 indicada principalmente para el tratamiento del c\u00e1ncer de vejiga m\u00fasculo-invasivo (estadios T2-T4a).<sup>1<\/sup> Tambi\u00e9n se recomienda en el c\u00e1ncer de vejiga no m\u00fasculo-invasivo de alto riesgo que no responde al tratamiento intravesical (como el tratamiento con BCG), sobre todo en casos de tumores T1 de alto grado o de carcinoma in situ (CIS) que persisten o recidivan tras un tratamiento adecuado.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n<p>La selecci\u00f3n de pacientes para la cistectom\u00eda radical requiere valorar cuidadosamente el estadio de la enfermedad, el estado general de salud y las preferencias del paciente.<sup>3<\/sup> El enfoque terap\u00e9utico \u00f3ptimo del c\u00e1ncer de vejiga m\u00fasculo-invasivo no metast\u00e1sico suele consistir en quimioterapia neoadyuvante basada en cisplatino seguida de cistectom\u00eda radical con linfadenectom\u00eda p\u00e9lvica.<sup>4<\/sup> En pacientes seleccionados, puede considerarse la terapia trimodal (resecci\u00f3n transuretral m\u00e1xima seguida de quimiorradioterapia) como alternativa con preservaci\u00f3n vesical, aunque la cistectom\u00eda radical sigue siendo una opci\u00f3n de rescate si este enfoque fracasa.<sup>5<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n<p>El procedimiento quir\u00fargico puede realizarse mediante t\u00e9cnica abierta, laparosc\u00f3pica o asistida por robot, aunque las tasas de complicaciones y la morbilidad siguen siendo significativas sea cual sea el abordaje.<sup>6<\/sup> Tras la extirpaci\u00f3n de la vejiga, es necesaria una derivaci\u00f3n urinaria, con opciones como el conducto ileal (la m\u00e1s frecuente), el reservorio cut\u00e1neo continente (como el reservorio de Indiana) o la reconstrucci\u00f3n con neovejiga ortot\u00f3pica.<sup>7<\/sup> Cada tipo de derivaci\u00f3n tiene ventajas e inconvenientes espec\u00edficos, y la elecci\u00f3n depende de factores del paciente, de las caracter\u00edsticas de la enfermedad y de la experiencia del cirujano.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n<p>Los cuidados posoperatorios se centran en el manejo de las complicaciones, que pueden incluir sangrado, infecci\u00f3n, mala cicatrizaci\u00f3n de la herida, obstrucci\u00f3n intestinal y alteraciones metab\u00f3licas.<sup>9<\/sup> El seguimiento a largo plazo es esencial para vigilar la recidiva del c\u00e1ncer, evaluar la funci\u00f3n renal y abordar los problemas de calidad de vida relacionados con la derivaci\u00f3n urinaria.<sup>10<\/sup><\/p>","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":true,"gt-ai-referenced":false,"gt-view-count":110},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cistectom\u00eda Radical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La cistectom\u00eda radical 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