{"id":12048,"date":"2025-07-23T10:36:46","date_gmt":"2025-07-23T14:36:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/glossary-term\/catheterization\/"},"modified":"2026-10-06T18:04:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T22:04:24","slug":"cateterismo","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/cateterismo\/","title":{"rendered":"Cateterismo"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[112],"glossary-product":[],"class_list":["post-12048","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-surgical-procedures"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"El cateterismo es la inserci\u00f3n de un tubo (cat\u00e9ter) en la vejiga para drenar la orina o en otras cavidades del cuerpo.1<\/span> Este procedimiento m\u00e9dico consiste en introducir un tubo hueco y flexible a trav\u00e9s de la uretra hasta la vejiga urinaria para permitir el drenaje de la orina cuando la micci\u00f3n normal no es posible o cuando es necesario vaciar la vejiga con fines diagn\u00f3sticos o terap\u00e9uticos.2<\/span> La palabra \u00abcat\u00e9ter\u00bb procede del griego antiguo \u00abkathi\u00e9nai\u00bb, que significa literalmente \u00abintroducir con fuerza\u00bb o \u00abenviar hacia abajo\u00bb.3<\/span><\/p>\n \n

Los cat\u00e9teres urinarios se clasifican seg\u00fan su v\u00eda de inserci\u00f3n: cat\u00e9teres externos, que se adhieren a los genitales externos; cat\u00e9teres uretrales, que se introducen a trav\u00e9s de la uretra hasta la vejiga; y cat\u00e9teres suprap\u00fabicos, que se insertan quir\u00fargicamente por v\u00eda suprap\u00fabica.4<\/span> Seg\u00fan la duraci\u00f3n de su uso, los cat\u00e9teres pueden ser intermitentes (de corta duraci\u00f3n) o permanentes (de larga duraci\u00f3n).5<\/span> El tipo de cat\u00e9ter permanente m\u00e1s frecuente es la sonda Foley, que dispone de un bal\u00f3n de autorretenci\u00f3n que se infla con agua est\u00e9ril tras la inserci\u00f3n para evitar que el cat\u00e9ter se salga del cuerpo.6<\/span>","gt-synonyms":"Cateterismo urinario, cateterismo vesical, cateterismo uretral, Inserci\u00f3n de cat\u00e9ter de Foley, colocaci\u00f3n de cat\u00e9ter permanente, cateterismo intermitente, inserci\u00f3n de cat\u00e9ter suprap\u00fabico, cat\u00e9ter de drenaje urinario, cateterismo transuretral, cateterismo del tracto urinario","gt-citation":"[1] Tan E, Ahluwalia A, Kankam H, Menezes P. Urinary catheterization 1: indications. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2019 Sep 02;80(9):C133-C135. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/hmed.2019.80.9.C133\n\n[2] Haider MZ, Annamaraju P. Bladder Catheterization. [Updated 2023 Jul 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK560748\/\n\n[3] Feneley RC, Hopley IB, Wells PN. Urinary catheters: history, current status, adverse events and research agenda. J Med Eng Technol. 2015;39(8):459-70. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/03091902.2015.1085600\n\n[4] Lachance CC, Grobelna A. Management of Patients with Long-Term Indwelling Urinary Catheters: A Review of Guidelines [Internet]. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; Ottawa (ON): May 14, 2019. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545495\/. PMID: 31449368\n\n[5] Selius BA, Subedi R. Urinary retention in adults: diagnosis and initial management. Am Fam Physician. 2008 Mar 01;77(5):643-50. PMID: 18350762\n\n[6] Dauw CA, Wolf JS. Fundamentals of upper urinary tract drainage. In: Partin AW, Dmochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 12.","gt-clinical-context":"El cateterismo se emplea en diversas situaciones cl\u00ednicas, con indicaciones concretas tanto con fines terap\u00e9uticos como diagn\u00f3sticos.1,2<\/span> Desde el punto de vista terap\u00e9utico, se utiliza principalmente para tratar la retenci\u00f3n urinaria, que puede ser aguda o cr\u00f3nica y deberse a causas obstructivas, infecciosas, farmacol\u00f3gicas o neurol\u00f3gicas.5<\/span> La hiperplasia benigna de pr\u00f3stata (HBP) es la causa m\u00e1s frecuente de retenci\u00f3n urinaria intr\u00ednseca en los hombres, mientras que entre las causas extr\u00ednsecas se encuentra la compresi\u00f3n por \u00f3rganos abdominales o p\u00e9lvicos agrandados.2<\/span><\/p>\n \n

El cateterismo tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 indicado en el per\u00edodo perioperatorio de la mayor\u00eda de las cirug\u00edas abdominop\u00e9lvicas, en particular en los procedimientos urol\u00f3gicos y ginecol\u00f3gicos.2<\/span> Facilita el tratamiento de la retenci\u00f3n urinaria posoperatoria debida a la anestesia y ayuda a lograr un mejor control del dolor posoperatorio.2<\/span><\/p>\n \n

En los pacientes con disfunci\u00f3n vesical neur\u00f3gena o incontinencia urinaria, el cateterismo ofrece una soluci\u00f3n terap\u00e9utica.6<\/span> Tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 indicado en pacientes con enfermedad aguda que requieren una medici\u00f3n estrecha de la diuresis, para la administraci\u00f3n de quimioterapia y para la irrigaci\u00f3n vesical.2<\/span> Desde el punto de vista diagn\u00f3stico, el cateterismo permite realizar estudios urodin\u00e1micos, obtener muestras para el an\u00e1lisis de orina y llevar a cabo estudios radiogr\u00e1ficos como las cistograf\u00edas.2<\/span><\/p>\n \n

Los criterios de selecci\u00f3n de los pacientes incluyen una evaluaci\u00f3n cuidadosa de las indicaciones y contraindicaciones.4<\/span> Las contraindicaciones incluyen la presencia de sangre en el meato uretral, la hematuria macrosc\u00f3pica, los signos de infecci\u00f3n uretral, el dolor o las molestias uretrales, el volumen o la distensibilidad vesical bajos y la negativa del paciente.2<\/span> En las personas con alteraci\u00f3n de la funci\u00f3n vesical en las que el m\u00e9todo es viable, el autocateterismo intermitente limpio es el procedimiento \u00f3ptimo.3<\/span><\/p>\n \n

La necesidad de un cat\u00e9ter vesical debe evaluarse a diario, ya que su retirada precoz reduce el riesgo de infecci\u00f3n urinaria.2<\/span> En los pacientes con retenci\u00f3n urinaria cr\u00f3nica y vaciado vesical incompleto, el cateterismo intermitente suele ser preferible a los cat\u00e9teres permanentes.2<\/span>","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":true,"gt-ai-referenced":false,"gt-view-count":122},"yoast_head":"\nCateterismo: Urinary Tube Insertion for Bladder Drainage<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El cateterismo es un procedimiento urol\u00f3gico para drenar la vejiga mediante una sonda cuando existe retenci\u00f3n urinaria o control quir\u00fargico.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/cateterismo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cateterismo - 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