{"id":12030,"date":"2025-08-05T09:50:17","date_gmt":"2025-08-05T13:50:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/glossary-term\/radical-nephrectomy\/"},"modified":"2026-10-06T18:04:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T22:04:24","slug":"nefrectomia-radical","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/nefrectomia-radical\/","title":{"rendered":"Nefrectom\u00eda Radical"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[112],"glossary-product":[],"class_list":["post-12030","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-surgical-procedures"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"<p>La nefrectom\u00eda radical es un procedimiento quir\u00fargico que consiste en la extirpaci\u00f3n completa de un ri\u00f1\u00f3n, de la grasa perirrenal que lo rodea y, en ocasiones, de estructuras adyacentes como la gl\u00e1ndula suprarrenal y los ganglios linf\u00e1ticos regionales.<sup>1<\/sup> Este procedimiento se realiza principalmente para tratar el c\u00e1ncer de ri\u00f1\u00f3n, en particular el carcinoma de c\u00e9lulas renales (CCR), cuando el tumor es grande o se encuentra en una posici\u00f3n que dificulta la extirpaci\u00f3n parcial.<sup>2<\/sup> El t\u00e9rmino \"radical\" hace referencia al car\u00e1cter completo de la extirpaci\u00f3n, a diferencia de la nefrectom\u00eda parcial, que conserva una parte del ri\u00f1\u00f3n.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>El procedimiento puede realizarse mediante distintos abordajes quir\u00fargicos, como la cirug\u00eda abierta (a trav\u00e9s de una incisi\u00f3n amplia en el abdomen o el flanco), la cirug\u00eda laparosc\u00f3pica (con varias incisiones peque\u00f1as e instrumental especializado) o la cirug\u00eda asistida por robot (con brazos rob\u00f3ticos controlados por un cirujano).<sup>4<\/sup> La nefrectom\u00eda radical se considera una intervenci\u00f3n de cirug\u00eda mayor que requiere anestesia general y suele implicar una estancia hospitalaria de varios d\u00edas.<sup>5<\/sup><\/p>","gt-synonyms":"Nefrectom\u00eda completa, Nefrectom\u00eda total, Extirpaci\u00f3n radical del ri\u00f1\u00f3n, Enfermero registrado (abreviatura)","gt-citation":"[1] Larcher A, Cei F, Belladelli F, et al. The Learning Curve for Radical Nephrectomy for Kidney Cancer: Implications for Surgical Training. Eur Urol Open Sci. 2023;47:11-14. DOI: 10.1016\/j.euros.2022.12.007\n\n[2] Zhang ZL, Li YH, Luo JH, et al. Complications of radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective study comparing transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches using a standardized reporting methodology in two Chinese centers. Chin J Cancer. 2013;32(8):461-468. DOI: 10.5732\/cjc.012.10185. PMID: 23298461\n\n[3] Robson CJ, Churchill BM, Anderson W. The results of radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. J Urol. 2002;167(2 Pt 2):873-875. DOI: 10.1016\/S0022-5347(02)80286-5\n\n[4] Campbell SC, Novick AC, Belldegrun A, et al. Guideline for management of the clinical T1 renal mass. J Urol. 2009;182(4):1271-1279. DOI: 10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.004\n\n[5] Ljungberg B, Albiges L, Abu-Ghanem Y, et al. European Association of Urology Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma: The 2022 Update. Eur Urol. 2022;82(4):399-410. DOI: 10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.03.006","gt-clinical-context":"<p>La nefrectom\u00eda radical est\u00e1 indicada principalmente para el tratamiento del carcinoma de c\u00e9lulas renales (CCR) localizado, en particular cuando los tumores son grandes (normalmente &gt;7 cm, clasificados como T2), se localizan en posici\u00f3n central cerca del hilio o afectan a estructuras adyacentes.<sup>1<\/sup> Tambi\u00e9n es el abordaje est\u00e1ndar en el c\u00e1ncer de ri\u00f1\u00f3n avanzado que se ha extendido m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la c\u00e1psula renal o hacia las venas principales (tumores T3-T4).<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>Los criterios de selecci\u00f3n de pacientes tienen en cuenta las caracter\u00edsticas del tumor (tama\u00f1o, localizaci\u00f3n y estadio), la funci\u00f3n renal global y las comorbilidades del paciente.<sup>3<\/sup> En los pacientes con una funci\u00f3n normal del ri\u00f1\u00f3n contralateral, la nefrectom\u00eda radical suele tolerarse bien, ya que un \u00fanico ri\u00f1\u00f3n sano puede mantener una funci\u00f3n renal adecuada.<sup>4<\/sup> Sin embargo, en los pacientes con enfermedad renal cr\u00f3nica preexistente o con factores de riesgo de deterioro renal futuro, pueden preferirse los abordajes con preservaci\u00f3n de nefronas cuando sean t\u00e9cnicamente factibles.<sup>5<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>El procedimiento quir\u00fargico suele durar 2-3 horas e incluye varios pasos clave: colocaci\u00f3n del paciente, incisi\u00f3n (seg\u00fan el abordaje), aislamiento del ri\u00f1\u00f3n y de sus vasos sangu\u00edneos, ligadura de la arteria y la vena renales, extirpaci\u00f3n del ri\u00f1\u00f3n con la grasa circundante (y, en ocasiones, la gl\u00e1ndula suprarrenal y los ganglios linf\u00e1ticos) y cierre del campo quir\u00fargico.<sup>6<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>La recuperaci\u00f3n tras la nefrectom\u00eda radical var\u00eda seg\u00fan el abordaje quir\u00fargico. La cirug\u00eda abierta suele requerir 6-8 semanas para la recuperaci\u00f3n completa, mientras que los abordajes laparosc\u00f3picos o rob\u00f3ticos pueden permitir la vuelta a las actividades normales en 3-4 semanas.<sup>7<\/sup> Entre las posibles complicaciones se incluyen sangrado, infecci\u00f3n, lesi\u00f3n de los \u00f3rganos circundantes y disminuci\u00f3n de la funci\u00f3n renal.<sup>8<\/sup> Los resultados a largo plazo del CCR localizado tratado con nefrectom\u00eda radical son, en general, favorables, con tasas de supervivencia a 5 a\u00f1os superiores al 90% en la enfermedad en estadio I.<sup>9<\/sup><\/p>","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":true,"gt-ai-referenced":false,"gt-view-count":134},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nefrectom\u00eda Radical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La nefrectom\u00eda radical es la extirpaci\u00f3n quir\u00fargica del ri\u00f1\u00f3n afectado, la grasa circundante y la gl\u00e1ndula suprarrenal para tratar el c\u00e1ncer renal.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/nefrectomia-radical\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nefrectom\u00eda Radical - 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