{"id":12002,"date":"2025-08-01T12:41:23","date_gmt":"2025-08-01T16:41:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/glossary-term\/percutaneous-nephrolithotomy-pcnl-minimally-invasive-kidney-stone-removal\/"},"modified":"2026-10-06T18:04:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T22:04:24","slug":"nefrolitotomia-percutanea-nlp-extraccion-minimamente-invasiva-de-calculos-renale","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/nefrolitotomia-percutanea-nlp-extraccion-minimamente-invasiva-de-calculos-renale\/","title":{"rendered":"Nefrolitotom\u00eda Percut\u00e1nea (NLP): Extracci\u00f3n M\u00ednimamente Invasiva de C\u00e1lculos Renales"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[112],"glossary-product":[],"class_list":["post-12002","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-surgical-procedures"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"<p>La nefrolitotom\u00eda percut\u00e1nea (NLP) es un procedimiento quir\u00fargico m\u00ednimamente invasivo que se utiliza para extraer c\u00e1lculos renales del cuerpo cuando no pueden expulsarse por s\u00ed solos.<sup>1<\/sup> El t\u00e9rmino \"percut\u00e1nea\" significa a trav\u00e9s de la piel. El procedimiento crea un trayecto desde la piel de la espalda hasta el ri\u00f1\u00f3n, a trav\u00e9s del cual el cirujano utiliza instrumentos especializados introducidos por un tubo peque\u00f1o para localizar y extraer los c\u00e1lculos del ri\u00f1\u00f3n.<sup>1<\/sup> La NLP est\u00e1 indicada principalmente para c\u00e1lculos de mayor tama\u00f1o (&gt;2 cm), c\u00e1lculos coraliformes (c\u00e1lculos que ocupan varias ramas del sistema colector) o cuando no son posibles o han fracasado procedimientos menos invasivos como la litotricia extracorp\u00f3rea por ondas de choque o la ureteroscopia.<sup>1,2<\/sup> Esta t\u00e9cnica ha sustituido en gran medida a la cirug\u00eda abierta de c\u00e1lculos en la mayor\u00eda de los c\u00e1lculos renales complejos, ya que ofrece una mayor tasa de \u00e9xito en la eliminaci\u00f3n completa de los c\u00e1lculos y minimiza a la vez el traumatismo quir\u00fargico.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>","gt-synonyms":"PCNL, Nefrolitotricia percut\u00e1nea, Eliminaci\u00f3n percut\u00e1nea de c\u00e1lculos renales, Extracci\u00f3n percut\u00e1nea de c\u00e1lculos, Cirug\u00eda percut\u00e1nea de c\u00e1lculos renales","gt-citation":"[1] Mayo Clinic Staff. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Mayo Clinic. 2024. DOI: https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/percutaneous-nephrolithotomy\/about\/pac-20385051\n\n[2] Johns Hopkins Medicine. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL). 2024. DOI: https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/treatment-tests-and-therapies\/percutaneous-nephrolithonomy-pcnl\n\n[3] Khalil MAU, Patujo YH, Ullah F, et al. An Analysis of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Performed at the Institute of Kidney Disease, Pakistan: Stone Clearance and Complications. Cureus. 2024;16(12):e75430. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.75430\n\n[4] Zhang FBY, Lin WR, Yang S, et al. Outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus open stone surgery for patients with staghorn calculi. Urological Science. 2017;28(2):97-100. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urols.2017.02.001","gt-clinical-context":"<p>La nefrolitotom\u00eda percut\u00e1nea est\u00e1 indicada cl\u00ednicamente en varios escenarios, con criterios espec\u00edficos de selecci\u00f3n de pacientes y resultados esperados. El procedimiento suele recomendarse cuando los c\u00e1lculos renales miden m\u00e1s de 2 cm de di\u00e1metro, cuando los c\u00e1lculos adoptan una forma coraliforme que bloquea varias ramas del sistema colector del ri\u00f1\u00f3n, cuando hay c\u00e1lculos grandes en el ur\u00e9ter (el conducto que conecta el ri\u00f1\u00f3n con la vejiga) o cuando han fracasado otros tratamientos menos invasivos.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>El procedimiento quir\u00fargico comprende varios pasos clave: en primer lugar, se administra al paciente anestesia general. Se introduce una aguja especializada a trav\u00e9s de la piel hasta una cavidad colectora de orina del ri\u00f1\u00f3n (c\u00e1liz) bajo gu\u00eda por imagen.<sup>1<\/sup> El trayecto de esta aguja se convierte en el acceso para el resto del procedimiento. A lo largo de este trayecto se coloca un tubo (vaina), a trav\u00e9s del cual se introducen instrumentos especializados para fragmentar y extraer los c\u00e1lculos.<sup>1<\/sup> En algunos casos, puede dejarse temporalmente un tubo de nefrostom\u00eda para permitir el drenaje de la orina directamente desde el ri\u00f1\u00f3n durante la recuperaci\u00f3n.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>Los criterios de selecci\u00f3n de pacientes incluyen la consideraci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o, la localizaci\u00f3n y la composici\u00f3n de los c\u00e1lculos, as\u00ed como de los antecedentes de tratamientos previos. Los pacientes con trastornos hemorr\u00e1gicos, infecciones activas del tracto urinario o anomal\u00edas anat\u00f3micas pueden requerir consideraciones especiales.<sup>2<\/sup> El calendario de recuperaci\u00f3n esperado suele incluir una estancia hospitalaria de 1-2 d\u00edas, evitando levantar objetos pesados y realizar actividades extenuantes durante 2-4 semanas.<sup>1<\/sup> La mayor\u00eda de los pacientes pueden volver al trabajo al cabo de aproximadamente una semana.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>Las tasas de \u00e9xito de la NLP son en general elevadas, y los estudios notifican tasas de pacientes libres de c\u00e1lculos del 75-80% en los casos est\u00e1ndar.<sup>3<\/sup> Sin embargo, factores como la localizaci\u00f3n del c\u00e1lculo pueden influir significativamente en los resultados: los c\u00e1lculos del c\u00e1liz inferior muestran tasas de eliminaci\u00f3n menores (aproximadamente el 50%) en comparaci\u00f3n con los de los c\u00e1lices superior o medio.<sup>3<\/sup> Las tasas de complicaciones son de aproximadamente el 21%, y la mayor\u00eda (alrededor del 17%) son menores (grados I-II de Clavien-Dindo).<sup>3<\/sup> Las complicaciones mayores (grados III-IV) se producen en aproximadamente el 4-5% de los casos.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":true,"gt-ai-referenced":false,"gt-view-count":136},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL): Kidney Stone Removal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La nefrolitotom\u00eda percut\u00e1nea (NLP) es una cirug\u00eda m\u00ednimamente invasiva indicada para fragmentar y extraer c\u00e1lculos renales de gran tama\u00f1o o complejos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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