{"id":11995,"date":"2025-07-22T08:26:38","date_gmt":"2025-07-22T12:26:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/glossary-term\/antiandrogen\/"},"modified":"2026-10-06T18:04:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T22:04:24","slug":"antiandrogeno","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/antiandrogeno\/","title":{"rendered":"Antiandr\u00f3geno"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[114],"glossary-product":[],"class_list":["post-11995","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-urological-agents"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"<p>Los antiandr\u00f3genos son medicamentos que act\u00faan uni\u00e9ndose a los receptores intracelulares de andr\u00f3genos, lo que impide los efectos de los andr\u00f3genos end\u00f3genos sobre tejidos diana como los test\u00edculos, los fol\u00edculos pilosos, el hipot\u00e1lamo, la hip\u00f3fisis, los ovarios y la pr\u00f3stata.<sup>1<\/sup> Estos f\u00e1rmacos antagonizan la acci\u00f3n de los andr\u00f3genos al impedir la uni\u00f3n del andr\u00f3geno al receptor de andr\u00f3genos (RA), con lo que bloquean la se\u00f1al androg\u00e9nica mediante la inhibici\u00f3n de la translocaci\u00f3n nuclear.<sup>2<\/sup> Los antiandr\u00f3genos se clasifican en esteroideos (como el acetato de ciproterona) y no esteroideos (como la flutamida, la nilutamida, la bicalutamida, la enzalutamida, la apalutamida y la darolutamida).<sup>3<\/sup> Los antiandr\u00f3genos de nueva generaci\u00f3n (enzalutamida, apalutamida, darolutamida) tienen una mayor afinidad por el RA, lo que optimiza el efecto de bloqueo androg\u00e9nico.<sup>4<\/sup> Los antiandr\u00f3genos se utilizan principalmente en el tratamiento del c\u00e1ncer de pr\u00f3stata, pero tambi\u00e9n se emplean en otras afecciones en las que resulta beneficioso reducir los efectos de los andr\u00f3genos.<sup>5<\/sup><\/p>","gt-synonyms":"Antagonistas de los receptores de andr\u00f3genos, bloqueadores de los receptores de andr\u00f3genos, bloqueadores de testosterona, inhibidores de AR, antagonistas de andr\u00f3genos","gt-citation":"[1] Lanz C, Bennamoun M, Macek P, Cathelineau X, Sanchez-Salas R. The importance of antiandrogen in prostate cancer treatment. Ann Transl Med. 2019;7(Suppl 8):S362. DOI: 10.21037\/atm.2019.09.53\n\n[2] National Cancer Institute. Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer Fact Sheet. Updated October 4, 2024. https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/types\/prostate\/prostate-hormone-therapy-fact-sheet\n\n[3] LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2014. Antiandrogens. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK548491\/\n\n[4] Gao W, Mahto M. Commercial Antiandrogens. In: Understanding Cancer, 2016. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/antiandrogen\n\n[5] American Cancer Society. Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Updated November 22, 2023. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/types\/prostate-cancer\/treating\/hormone-therapy.html","gt-clinical-context":"<p>Los antiandr\u00f3genos se utilizan principalmente en el tratamiento del c\u00e1ncer de pr\u00f3stata, en el que desempe\u00f1an un papel importante tanto en la enfermedad sensible a la castraci\u00f3n como en la resistente a la castraci\u00f3n.<sup>1<\/sup> Desde el descubrimiento de los receptores de andr\u00f3genos a finales de la d\u00e9cada de 1960, se sabe que su activaci\u00f3n induce su translocaci\u00f3n del citoplasma al n\u00facleo, lo que da lugar a la expresi\u00f3n de genes de proliferaci\u00f3n.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>En el tratamiento del c\u00e1ncer de pr\u00f3stata, los antiandr\u00f3genos se utilizan a menudo en combinaci\u00f3n con la terapia de privaci\u00f3n androg\u00e9nica (TPA) para lograr un bloqueo androg\u00e9nico completo.<sup>3<\/sup> Esta combinaci\u00f3n reduce los niveles de andr\u00f3genos e impide que el andr\u00f3geno restante se una a los receptores de andr\u00f3genos. En combinaci\u00f3n con la terapia de privaci\u00f3n androg\u00e9nica, se ha descrito que los antiandr\u00f3genos de primera generaci\u00f3n flutamida y nilutamida mejoran la supervivencia global en 3 a 8 meses y prolongan la supervivencia libre de progresi\u00f3n en el c\u00e1ncer de pr\u00f3stata metast\u00e1sico sensible a la castraci\u00f3n, mientras que la bicalutamida mostr\u00f3 un beneficio m\u00e1s modesto.<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>Los antiandr\u00f3genos de nueva generaci\u00f3n (enzalutamida, apalutamida, darolutamida) han demostrado una mayor eficacia. Por ejemplo, la enzalutamida ha mostrado una mejora de la supervivencia global en el c\u00e1ncer de pr\u00f3stata metast\u00e1sico resistente a la castraci\u00f3n, tanto antes como despu\u00e9s de la quimioterapia (ensayos PREVAIL y AFFIRM), y una mejora de la supervivencia libre de met\u00e1stasis en el c\u00e1ncer de pr\u00f3stata no metast\u00e1sico resistente a la castraci\u00f3n (ensayo PROSPER).<sup>5<\/sup> Del mismo modo, la apalutamida ha demostrado mejorar la supervivencia libre de met\u00e1stasis en hombres con c\u00e1ncer de pr\u00f3stata no metast\u00e1sico resistente a la castraci\u00f3n con alto riesgo de desarrollar met\u00e1stasis (ensayo SPARTAN).<sup>6<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>La selecci\u00f3n de los pacientes para el tratamiento antiandrog\u00e9nico depende del estadio y de las caracter\u00edsticas del c\u00e1ncer de pr\u00f3stata. Seg\u00fan las gu\u00edas internacionales (EAU, NCCN, AUA), los antiandr\u00f3genos se recomiendan en pacientes con c\u00e1ncer de pr\u00f3stata no metast\u00e1sico resistente a la castraci\u00f3n con alto riesgo de met\u00e1stasis, as\u00ed como en diversos estadios de la enfermedad metast\u00e1sica.<sup>7<\/sup><\/p>\n    \n    <p>M\u00e1s all\u00e1 del c\u00e1ncer de pr\u00f3stata, los antiandr\u00f3genos tambi\u00e9n se utilizan en el tratamiento de otras afecciones, como el hirsutismo, el acn\u00e9 y las parafilias, aunque estas aplicaciones var\u00edan seg\u00fan el f\u00e1rmaco concreto y a veces se trata de usos fuera de indicaci\u00f3n.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":true,"gt-ai-referenced":false,"gt-view-count":136},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Antiandr\u00f3geno: Mechanism and Clinical Applications<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un antiandr\u00f3geno es un f\u00e1rmaco que bloquea la acci\u00f3n de las hormonas masculinas, empleado habitualmente en el tratamiento del c\u00e1ncer de pr\u00f3stata.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/antiandrogeno\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Antiandr\u00f3geno - 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