{"id":11983,"date":"2025-07-24T10:38:16","date_gmt":"2025-07-24T14:38:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/glossary-term\/gonadotropin\/"},"modified":"2026-10-06T18:04:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T22:04:24","slug":"gonadotropina","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/gonadotropina\/","title":{"rendered":"Gonadotropina"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[114],"glossary-product":[104,105],"class_list":["post-11983","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-urological-agents","glossary-product-infla10-pulse-ipp-series","glossary-product-rigi10-malleable-penile-prosthesis"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"<p>\n        Las gonadotropinas son hormonas pept\u00eddicas que regulan la funci\u00f3n ov\u00e1rica y testicular y son esenciales para el crecimiento normal, el desarrollo sexual y la reproducci\u00f3n.<sup>1<\/sup> Estas hormonas glucoproteicas son secretadas por las c\u00e9lulas gonadotropas de la adenohip\u00f3fisis (hip\u00f3fisis anterior) de los vertebrados.<sup>2<\/sup> Las gonadotropinas humanas incluyen la hormona foliculoestimulante (FSH) y la hormona luteinizante (LH), que se producen en la hip\u00f3fisis, y la gonadotropina cori\u00f3nica humana (hCG), que produce la placenta.<sup>3<\/sup>\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        Las tres gonadotropinas son prote\u00ednas heterodim\u00e9ricas formadas por dos cadenas pept\u00eddicas: una cadena alfa, similar en las tres, y una cadena beta, que es exclusiva de cada hormona y determina sus interacciones espec\u00edficas con los receptores y su funci\u00f3n.<sup>4<\/sup> Las gonadotropinas hipofisarias (FSH y LH) est\u00e1n bajo el control de la hormona liberadora de gonadotropinas (GnRH), un decap\u00e9ptido que se produce en el hipot\u00e1lamo y se libera en respuesta a los niveles circulantes de estr\u00f3genos y progesterona.<sup>5<\/sup>\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        Las gonadotropinas act\u00faan sobre las g\u00f3nadas (los test\u00edculos en los hombres y los ovarios en las mujeres) y controlan la producci\u00f3n de gametos y la s\u00edntesis de hormonas sexuales.<sup>6<\/sup> En las mujeres, la FSH estimula el desarrollo de los fol\u00edculos ov\u00e1ricos y la LH desencadena la ovulaci\u00f3n y estimula al cuerpo l\u00fateo para que produzca progesterona. En los hombres, la FSH favorece la espermatog\u00e9nesis, mientras que la LH estimula la producci\u00f3n de testosterona por los test\u00edculos.<sup>7<\/sup> Estas hormonas ocupan un lugar central en el complejo sistema endocrino que regula el crecimiento normal, el desarrollo sexual y la funci\u00f3n reproductiva.<sup>8<\/sup>\n    <\/p>","gt-synonyms":"FSH (hormona fol\u00edculo estimulante), LH (hormona luteinizante), hCG (gonadotropina cori\u00f3nica humana), gonadotropinas, gn, folitropina, lutropina, coriogonadotropina","gt-citation":"[1] Parhar IS, ed. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: Molecules and Receptors. Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 141. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2002.\n\n[2] Pierce JG, Parsons TF. Glycoprotein hormones: structure and function. Annual Review of Biochemistry. 1981;50:465-95. DOI: 10.1146\/annurev.bi.50.070181.002341\n\n[3] Stockell Hartree A, Renwick AG. Molecular structures of glycoprotein hormones and functions of their carbohydrate components. The Biochemical Journal. 1992;287(3):665-79. DOI: 10.1042\/bj2870665\n\n[4] Godine JE, Chin WW, Habener JF. Alpha Subunit of rat pituitary glycoprotein hormones. Primary structure of the precursor determined from the nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNAs. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1982;257(14):8368-71. DOI: 10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)34340-0\n\n[5] National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2018. Gonadotropins. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK548856\/\n\n[6] Goodwin RG, Moncman CL, Rottman FM, Nilson JH. Characterization and nucleotide sequence of the gene for the common alpha subunit of the bovine pituitary glycoprotein hormones. Nucleic Acids Research. 1983;11(19):6873-82. DOI: 10.1093\/nar\/11.19.6873\n\n[7] Cleveland Clinic. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH): Purpose & Testing [Internet]. Cleveland: Cleveland Clinic; 2022 [cited 2025 Jun 2]. Available from: https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/body\/22525-gonadotropin-releasing-hormone\n\n[8] Golos TG, Durning M, Fisher JM. Molecular cloning of the rhesus glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene. DNA and Cell Biology. 1991;10(5):367-80. DOI: 10.1089\/dna.1991.10.367","gt-clinical-context":"<p>\n        Las gonadotropinas desempe\u00f1an un papel fundamental en la medicina reproductiva y se utilizan cl\u00ednicamente en diversos contextos.<sup>1<\/sup> Se han desarrollado formulaciones de gonadotropinas altamente purificadas y recombinantes que se utilizan en el tratamiento del hipogonadismo y de la infertilidad.<sup>2<\/sup> Estas aplicaciones terap\u00e9uticas incluyen:\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        En las mujeres, las gonadotropinas se utilizan principalmente para tratar la infertilidad mediante la inducci\u00f3n de la ovulaci\u00f3n y como parte de las t\u00e9cnicas de reproducci\u00f3n asistida (TRA), como la fecundaci\u00f3n in vitro (FIV).<sup>3<\/sup> Los preparados de FSH estimulan el desarrollo folicular, mientras que la hCG se utiliza para desencadenar la ovulaci\u00f3n imitando el pico natural de LH.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        En los hombres, las gonadotropinas se utilizan para tratar el hipogonadismo, estimular la producci\u00f3n de testosterona y mejorar la espermatog\u00e9nesis en los casos de infertilidad masculina.<sup>5<\/sup> La FSH favorece la producci\u00f3n de espermatozoides, mientras que la LH o la hCG estimulan la s\u00edntesis de testosterona por las c\u00e9lulas de Leydig de los test\u00edculos.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        El d\u00e9ficit de gonadotropinas debido a una enfermedad hipofisaria provoca hipogonadismo, que puede dar lugar a infertilidad.<sup>6<\/sup> El tratamiento incluye la administraci\u00f3n de gonadotropinas, que act\u00faan como medicamentos para la fertilidad. Estos preparados pueden obtenerse mediante extracci\u00f3n y purificaci\u00f3n a partir de la orina (menotropinas, tambi\u00e9n denominadas gonadotropinas menop\u00e1usicas humanas) o producirse mediante tecnolog\u00eda de ADN recombinante.<sup>7<\/sup>\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        La selecci\u00f3n de los pacientes para el tratamiento con gonadotropinas requiere una valoraci\u00f3n cuidadosa, ya que estas hormonas pueden causar efectos secundarios, sobre todo en las mujeres. El acontecimiento adverso m\u00e1s importante es el s\u00edndrome de hiperestimulaci\u00f3n ov\u00e1rica (SHO), que puede producirse en el 1-10% de las mujeres tratadas.<sup>8<\/sup> Las formas graves de SHO pueden acompa\u00f1arse de elevaci\u00f3n de las enzimas s\u00e9ricas, ictericia e incluso ascitis. Este s\u00edndrome suele aparecer entre 4 y 14 d\u00edas despu\u00e9s de la estimulaci\u00f3n ov\u00e1rica con gonadotropinas y se caracteriza por dolor abdominal, distensi\u00f3n, ascitis y aumento del tama\u00f1o de los ovarios con quistes.<sup>5<\/sup>\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n        Las pautas de dosificaci\u00f3n y administraci\u00f3n de las gonadotropinas var\u00edan seg\u00fan la indicaci\u00f3n y solo deben ser gestionadas por profesionales sanitarios con experiencia en endocrinolog\u00eda reproductiva y en el tratamiento de la infertilidad.<sup>4<\/sup>\n    <\/p>","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":true,"gt-ai-referenced":false,"gt-view-count":166},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gonadotropinas: Essential Hormones for Reproductive Health<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Las gonadotropinas son hormonas pept\u00eddicas que regulan la funci\u00f3n gonadal, el desarrollo sexual y la reproducci\u00f3n.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/gonadotropina\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gonadotropina - 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