{"id":11969,"date":"2025-07-24T10:34:51","date_gmt":"2025-07-24T14:34:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/glossary-term\/fistula\/"},"modified":"2025-07-24T10:34:51","modified_gmt":"2025-07-24T14:34:51","slug":"fistula","status":"publish","type":"glossary-term","link":"https:\/\/www.rigicon.com\/es\/glossary-term\/fistula\/","title":{"rendered":"F\u00edstula"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","glossary-category":[127],"glossary-product":[],"class_list":["post-11969","glossary-term","type-glossary-term","status-publish","hentry","glossary-category-surgical-complications"],"acf":{"gt-definition":"<p>Una f\u00edstula es una conexi\u00f3n anormal entre dos superficies epitelizadas o partes del cuerpo que normalmente no se conectan.<sup class=\"citation\">1<\/sup> Este pasaje patol\u00f3gico puede formarse entre dos espacios huecos cualesquiera, incluidos los vasos sangu\u00edneos, el intestino, la vagina, la vejiga y la piel.<sup class=\"citation\">2<\/sup> Las f\u00edstulas se clasifican de tres maneras diferentes: anat\u00f3mica, fisiol\u00f3gica y etiol\u00f3gicamente.<sup class=\"citation\">2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p>Anat\u00f3micamente, las f\u00edstulas se subdividen en dos categor\u00edas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n    <li><strong>F\u00edstulas internas<\/strong>: Conexiones entre dos estructuras internas (p. ej., enteroc\u00f3lica, ileosigmoidea, aortoent\u00e9rica)<sup class=\"citation\">2<\/sup><\/li>\n    <li><strong>F\u00edstulas externas<\/strong>: Conexiones entre una estructura interna y una estructura externa (p. ej., enterocut\u00e1nea, enteroatmosf\u00e9rica, rectovaginal)<sup class=\"citation\">2<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Cuando se clasifican fisiol\u00f3gicamente, las f\u00edstulas se diferencian seg\u00fan la producci\u00f3n de l\u00edquido:<\/p>\n<ul>\n    <li><strong>F\u00edstulas de bajo gasto<\/strong>: Drena menos de 200 ml de l\u00edquido por d\u00eda<sup class=\"citation\">2<\/sup><\/li>\n    <li><strong>F\u00edstulas de salida media<\/strong>: Drenar entre 200-500 ml de l\u00edquido por d\u00eda<sup class=\"citation\">2<\/sup><\/li>\n    <li><strong>F\u00edstulas de alto gasto<\/strong>: Drenaje mayor a 500 ml de l\u00edquido por d\u00eda<sup class=\"citation\">2<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Etiol\u00f3gicamente, las f\u00edstulas se clasifican seg\u00fan su causa, con categor\u00edas comunes que incluyen f\u00edstulas traum\u00e1ticas, f\u00edstulas del sitio quir\u00fargico y f\u00edstulas asociadas con afecciones inflamatorias como la enfermedad de Crohn.<sup class=\"citation\">2<\/sup><\/p>","gt-synonyms":"Paso anormal, conexi\u00f3n patol\u00f3gica, tracto sinusal, tracto anormal, tracto fistuloso, tracto epitelizado, conducto patol\u00f3gico, comunicaci\u00f3n anormal","gt-citation":"[1] Sohrabi M, Bahrami S, Mosalli M, Khaleghian M, Obaidinia M. Perianal Fistula; from Etiology to Treatment - A Review. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2024 Apr 30;16(2):76-85. DOI: 10.34172\/mejdd.2024.373\n\n[2] Cowan KB, Cassaro S. Enterocutaneous Fistula. StatPearls [Internet]. 2023 Aug 7. PMID: 29262182\n\n[3] Carr S, Velasco AL. Fistula-in-Ano. StatPearls [Internet]. 2023 Jul 31. PMID: 30725600\n\n[4] Wang H, Fei B, Jin H. Complex anal fistula: A case report. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 2020;77:782-786. DOI: 10.1016\/j.ijscr.2020.11.056\n\n[5] Zhao WW, Jiang CQ, Liu ZY, et al. Precise and comprehensive evaluation of perianal fistulas: Current status and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol. 2023;29(21):3261-3275. DOI: 10.3748\/wjg.v29.i21.3261","gt-clinical-context":"<p>Las f\u00edstulas pueden ocurrir en muchas partes del cuerpo y formarse entre varias estructuras.<sup class=\"citation\">3<\/sup> M\u00e1s com\u00fanmente son el resultado de una infecci\u00f3n, inflamaci\u00f3n, traumatismo o como complicaci\u00f3n de una cirug\u00eda.<sup class=\"citation\">1,2<\/sup> La presentaci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica var\u00eda seg\u00fan la ubicaci\u00f3n y el tipo de f\u00edstula.<\/p>\n\n<h3>F\u00edstulas perianales\/anales<\/h3>\n<p>Una f\u00edstula en el ano es un trayecto que conecta el canal anal con la piel perianal.<sup class=\"citation\">3<\/sup> Requiere tratamiento quir\u00fargico en la mayor\u00eda de los casos. El tratamiento adecuado aumenta la calidad de vida del paciente.<sup class=\"citation\">3<\/sup> Las f\u00edstulas anales suelen ser el resultado de un absceso anorrectal; del 30% al 70% de los pacientes con un absceso anorrectal tienen una f\u00edstula en el ano concurrente.<sup class=\"citation\">1<\/sup> La clasificaci\u00f3n de las f\u00edstulas anales se basa en la anatom\u00eda, espec\u00edficamente en relaci\u00f3n con la complejo esfinteriano:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n    <li><strong>Interesfinteriano (45%)<\/strong>: La f\u00edstula penetra a trav\u00e9s del esf\u00ednter interno pero respeta el esf\u00ednter externo<sup class=\"citation\">3<\/sup><\/li>\n    <li><strong>Transfint\u00e9rico (30%)<\/strong>: La f\u00edstula pasa a trav\u00e9s de los esf\u00ednteres interno y externo<sup class=\"citation\">3<\/sup><\/li>\n    <li><strong>Supraesfint\u00e9rico (20%)<\/strong>: La f\u00edstula penetra a trav\u00e9s del esf\u00ednter interno y luego se extiende superiormente en el plano entre los esf\u00ednteres para pasar por encima del esf\u00ednter externo antes de extenderse al perineo<sup class=\"citation\">3<\/sup><\/li>\n    <li><strong>Extrasesfint\u00e9rica (5%)<\/strong>: Esta f\u00edstula rara forma una conexi\u00f3n desde el recto hasta el perineo que se extiende lateralmente hasta el esf\u00ednter interno y externo<sup class=\"citation\">3<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>F\u00edstulas enterocut\u00e1neas<\/h3>\n<p>Estas son conexiones anormales entre el tracto gastrointestinal y la piel.<sup class=\"citation\">2<\/sup> Se clasifican fisiol\u00f3gicamente seg\u00fan el volumen de producci\u00f3n, y las estrategias de manejo var\u00edan en consecuencia. Los pacientes tienen un alto riesgo de sufrir desequilibrios electrol\u00edticos, sepsis y desnutrici\u00f3n, por lo que la estabilizaci\u00f3n es el primer paso del tratamiento.<sup class=\"citation\">2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<h3>Otros tipos<\/h3>\n<ul>\n    <li>F\u00edstulas arteriovenosas (entre una arteria y una vena)<\/li>\n    <li>F\u00edstulas biliares (por cirug\u00eda de ves\u00edcula biliar)<\/li>\n    <li>F\u00edstulas cervicovaginales<\/li>\n    <li>F\u00edstulas vesicovaginales (entre vejiga y vagina)<\/li>\n    <li>F\u00edstulas traqueoesof\u00e1gicas<\/li>\n    <li>F\u00edstulas aortoent\u00e9ricas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>El diagn\u00f3stico generalmente implica un examen f\u00edsico, estudios de im\u00e1genes (MRI, ultrasonido endoanal, fistulograf\u00eda, CT) y, a veces, un examen bajo anestesia.<sup class=\"citation\">3,5<\/sup> La MRI se considera la modalidad de im\u00e1genes m\u00e1s sensible (>90%) para la evaluaci\u00f3n de la f\u00edstula.<sup class=\"citation\">3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p>Los enfoques de tratamiento var\u00edan seg\u00fan el tipo de f\u00edstula, su ubicaci\u00f3n y la causa subyacente. El manejo quir\u00fargico es la base del tratamiento para la mayor\u00eda de las f\u00edstulas, particularmente las anales.<sup class=\"citation\">1,3<\/sup> Se puede considerar el manejo m\u00e9dico en ciertas situaciones, especialmente para las f\u00edstulas asociadas con la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal.<sup class=\"citation\">1<\/sup> Los objetivos principales del tratamiento son controlar la infecci\u00f3n, asegurar la preservaci\u00f3n funcional (como la continencia fecal en las f\u00edstulas anales) y mejorar la calidad de la vida.<sup class=\"citation\">1,3<\/sup><\/p>","gt-related-evidence":null,"gt-featured":true,"gt-ai-referenced":false,"gt-view-count":60},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>F\u00edstula: Abnormal Connections Between Body Structures<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Una f\u00edstula es una conexi\u00f3n 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